%% kapproc.cls/sty
\def\currversion{January 9, 2005}                        

  %****************************************************************%
  %*                                                              *%
  %*     Prepared by Amy Hendrickson, TeXnology Inc.              *%
  %*     Copyright (C) 1996 by Amy Hendrickson, TeXnology Inc.,   *%
  %*     All rights reserved.                                     *%
  %*                                                              *%
  %*     TeXnology Inc.: 617 738-8029                             *%
  %*                     amyh@texnology.com                       *%
  %*                                                              *%   
  %*     Technical help:  dthelp@wkap.com                         *%           
  %*                                                              *%
  %****************************************************************%


  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
  %% Macro Contents:

  %% Dimensions
  %% Global Parameters
  %% LaTeX2.09/LaTeX2e Switch, font family declarations
  %% Listing
  %% Title Pages, List of Contributors, Preface, Introduction
  %% Part, Chapter, and Appendix Commands 
  %% Counters
  %% Header Level Names
  %% Section Commands 
  %% Verse, Quote, Extract 
  %% Math
  %% Figure and Table Captions 
  %% Table of Contents, List of Figures, LOT 
  %% Bibliography, References 
  %% Footnotes
  %% Running Heads
  %% Fonts for Specific Places
  %% Algorithm
  %% Glossary
  %% Index
  %% Draft line

  %%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% To change the level of heading that will print in the Table of Contents
%% search for \setcounter{tocdepth}{0} below, and change it if you have
%% a strong preference to have more levels of headings appear in the toc.
%% Default is \setcounter{tocdepth}{1} and that is the level Kluwer prefers.

%% \setcounter{tocdepth}{0} means Chap. headings        will print in TOC
%% \setcounter{tocdepth}{1} means Chap. and section headings         "
%% \setcounter{tocdepth}{2} means Chap. sect, and subsect headings   "
%% \setcounter{tocdepth}{3} means Chap. sect, subsect and subsubsect "

\typeout{^^J^^J
Springer-Verlag^^J
Proceedings Book Style^^J
Written by Amy Hendrickson, TeXnology, Inc., 7/99^^J
Removed "Acknowledgements" from TOC and chapter numbers ^^J
from labels. Reverted to centered table captions.^^J
CoreGRID series of volumes.^^J
Modified by Vladimir Getov, University of Westminster^^J
This version is dated \currversion^^J^^J}

\let\saveequation\equation
\let\saveeqnarray\eqnarray

%% Dimensions for both 2e and 2.09 ===>>>

\newif\ifll
\expandafter\ifx\csname LaTeXe\endcsname\relax % LaTeX2.09 is used
\else% LaTeX2e is being used, so set ll true
\global\lltrue\fi

\ifll
% To make these commands work with earlier versions of 2e.
\gdef\hb@xt@{\hbox to}
%
\expandafter\ifx\csname @star@or@long\endcsname\relax
\gdef\DeclareRobustCommand{\@star@or@long\declare@robustcommand}
\gdef\declare@robustcommand#1{%
   \ifx#1\@undefined\else\ifx#1\relax\else
      \@latex@info{Redefining \string#1}%
   \fi\fi
   \edef\reserved@a{\string#1}%
   \def\reserved@b{#1}%
   \edef\reserved@b{\expandafter\strip@prefix\meaning\reserved@b}%
   \edef#1{%
      \ifx\reserved@a\reserved@b
         \noexpand\x@protect
         \noexpand#1%
      \fi
      \noexpand\protect
      \expandafter\noexpand\csname
         \expandafter\@gobble\string#1 \endcsname
   }%
   \let\@ifdefinable\@rc@ifdefinable
   \expandafter\new@command\csname
      \expandafter\@gobble\string#1 \endcsname
}
\gdef\@star@or@long#1{%
  \@ifstar
   {\let\l@ngrel@x\relax#1}%
   {\let\l@ngrel@x\long#1}}
%
\def\@star@or@long#1{%
  \@ifstar
   {\let\l@ngrel@x\relax#1}%
   {\let\l@ngrel@x\long#1}}
%% added Dec 9==>>
\let\l@ngrel@x\relax
\def\newcommand{\@star@or@long\new@command}
\def\new@command#1{%
  \@testopt{\@newcommand#1}0}
\def\@newcommand#1[#2]{%
  \@ifnextchar [{\@xargdef#1[#2]}%
                {\@argdef#1[#2]}}
\long\def\@argdef#1[#2]#3{%
   \@ifdefinable #1{\@yargdef#1\@ne{#2}{#3}}}
\long\def\@xargdef#1[#2][#3]#4{%
  \@ifdefinable#1{%
     \expandafter\def\expandafter#1\expandafter{%
          \expandafter
          \@protected@testopt
          \expandafter
          #1%
          \csname\string#1\expandafter\endcsname
          {#3}}%
       \expandafter\@yargdef
          \csname\string#1\endcsname
           \tw@
           {#2}%
           {#4}}}
\def\@testopt#1#2{%
  \@ifnextchar[{#1}{#1[#2]}}
\def\@protected@testopt#1{%%
  \ifx\protect\@typeset@protect
    \expandafter\@testopt
  \else
    \@x@protect#1%
  \fi}
\long\def\@yargdef#1#2#3{%
  \@tempcnta#3\relax
  \advance \@tempcnta \@ne
  \let\@hash@\relax
  \edef\reserved@a{\ifx#2\tw@ [\@hash@1]\fi}%
  \@tempcntb #2%
  \@whilenum\@tempcntb <\@tempcnta
     \do{%
         \edef\reserved@a{\reserved@a\@hash@\the\@tempcntb}%
         \advance\@tempcntb \@ne}%
  \let\@hash@##%
  \l@ngrel@x\expandafter\def\expandafter#1\reserved@a}
\long\def\@reargdef#1[#2]#3{%
  \@yargdef#1\@ne{#2}{#3}}
\def\renewcommand{\@star@or@long\renew@command}
\def\renew@command#1{%
  {\escapechar\m@ne\xdef\@gtempa{{\string#1}}}%
  \expandafter\@ifundefined\@gtempa
     {\@latex@error{\string#1 undefined}\@ehc}%
     {}%
  \let\@ifdefinable\@rc@ifdefinable
  \new@command#1}
\long\def\@ifdefinable #1#2{%
      \edef\reserved@a{\expandafter\@gobble\string #1}%
     \@ifundefined\reserved@a
         {\edef\reserved@b{\expandafter\@carcube \reserved@a xxx\@nil}%
          \ifx \reserved@b\@qend \@notdefinable\else
            \ifx \reserved@a\@qrelax \@notdefinable\else
              #2%
            \fi
          \fi}%
         \@notdefinable}
\let\@@ifdefinable\@ifdefinable
\long\def\@rc@ifdefinable#1#2{%
  \let\@ifdefinable\@@ifdefinable
  #2}
\fi %<=== end of conditional to see if above code needs to be
%                      added for users of older versions of 2e
%%
\else
\def\nobreakspace{~}
\gdef\@plus{plus}
\gdef\@minus{minus}
\fi

\let\savefootnote\footnote
\let\savefootnotetext\footnotetext

\parindent=1pc
\parskip=0pt 

\textheight = 45.5pc% Suzanne asked for 45.5, was 41pc

\textwidth 28.5pc %27pc in specs, 28.5 in old version
\newdimen\savetextwidth
\savetextwidth=\textwidth

\clubpenalty10000
\widowpenalty10000

\topmargin.75in
\headheight 12pt
\headsep 16pt
\topskip  0pt
\footskip 16pt

\columnsep 10pt
\columnseprule 0pt

\footnotesep 6.65pt
\skip\footins 24pt plus 4pt minus 2pt


\floatsep 12pt plus 2pt minus 2pt
\textfloatsep 20pt plus 2pt minus 4pt
\intextsep 12pt plus 2pt minus 2pt

\dblfloatsep 12pt plus 2pt minus 2pt
\dbltextfloatsep 20pt plus 2pt minus 4pt

\ifll\else
\global\@maxsep 20pt
\global\@dblmaxsep 20pt
\fi

\@fptop 0pt plus 1fil
\@fpsep 8pt plus 2fil
\@fpbot 0pt plus 1fil
\@dblfptop 0pt plus 1fil
\@dblfpsep 8pt plus 2fil
\@dblfpbot 0pt plus 1fil

\maxdepth=4pt %% 2e default is .5\topskip

\oddsidemargin 6pc % 2pc=no extra space on left
\evensidemargin 5.5pc %  2pc=no extra space on left
\marginparwidth .75in


\if@twocolumn
 \setlength\marginparsep {10\p@}
\else
  \setlength\marginparsep{7\p@}
\fi
\setlength\marginparpush{5\p@}

\setlength\partopsep{2\p@ \@plus 1\p@ \@minus 1\p@}

%%%
\setcounter{topnumber}{3}
\def\topfraction{.99}
\setcounter{bottomnumber}{3}
\def\bottomfraction{.9}
\setcounter{totalnumber}{9}
\def\textfraction{.01}
\def\floatpagefraction{.5}
\setcounter{dbltopnumber}{2}
\def\dbltopfraction{.7}
\def\dblfloatpagefraction{.5}
%%%

\setlength\arraycolsep{5\p@}
\tabcolsep 6pt


\setlength\arrayrulewidth{.4\p@}
\setlength\doublerulesep{2\p@}
\setlength\tabbingsep{\labelsep}
\skip\@mpfootins = \skip\footins
\setlength\fboxsep{3\p@}
\setlength\fboxrule{.4\p@}

\setlength\columnsep{10\p@}
\setlength\columnseprule{0\p@}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%% <<== end dimensions

%%% Global parameters ==>>

%% to make left and right page position differently.
\@twosidetrue  \@mparswitchtrue
\@twocolumnfalse

%% 2e ==>>>
\newif\if@openbib
%\@openbibtrue
\@openbibfalse
\newif\if@openright
\newif\if@mainmatter 
\@mainmattertrue
\newif\if@restonecol
\newif\if@titlepage

%% Start new chapter on right side
\newif\if@openright
\@openrighttrue
%% <<== end 2e

\newcommand{\contentsname}{Contents}
\newcommand{\listfigurename}{List of Figures}
\newcommand{\listtablename}{List of Tables}
\newcommand{\bibname}{Bibliography}
\newcommand{\indexname}{Index}
\newcommand{\figurename}{Fig.}
\newcommand{\tablename}{Table}
\newcommand{\partname}{Part}
\newcommand{\chaptername}{Chapter}
\newcommand{\appendixname}{Appendix}

%%% <== end global parameters


%%% LaTeX2.09/LaTeX2e Switch  ====>>>

\font\egtbf=cmbx8
\font\sevbf=cmbx7
\font\fivbf=cmbx5

\ifll \let\dooptions\ProcessOptions
\DeclareOption{a4paper}{%
  \AtEndOfPackage{\global\advance\textheight by 48pt}}
\else
\let\dooptions\@options\fi
\dooptions

\def\@xiiipt{13}

\ifll
\NeedsTeXFormat{LaTeX2e}
\ProvidesClass{kapproc}[1996/03/28]
\newcommand{\@ptsize}{}
\renewcommand{\normalsize}{%
   \@setfontsize\normalsize\@xipt\@xiiipt
   \abovedisplayskip 10\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus5\p@
   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus3\p@
   \belowdisplayshortskip 6\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus3\p@
   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
   \let\@listi\@listI}
\normalsize
\newcommand{\small}{%
   \@setfontsize\small\@ixpt{11}%
   \abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ \@plus3\p@ \@minus4\p@
   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus2\p@
   \belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
   \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
               \topsep 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus2\p@
               \parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
               \itemsep \parsep}%
   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
}
\newcommand{\footnotesize}{%
   \@setfontsize\footnotesize\@viiipt{9.5}%
   \abovedisplayskip 6\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
   \abovedisplayshortskip \z@ \@plus\p@
   \belowdisplayshortskip 3\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus2\p@
   \def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
               \topsep 3\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
               \parsep 2\p@ \@plus\p@ \@minus\p@
               \itemsep \parsep}%
   \belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
}
\newcommand{\scriptsize}{\@setfontsize\scriptsize\@viipt\@viiipt}
\newcommand{\tiny}{\@setfontsize\tiny\@vpt\@vipt}
\newcommand{\large}{\@setfontsize\large\@xiipt{14}}
\newcommand{\Large}{\@setfontsize\Large\@xivpt{18}}
\newcommand{\LARGE}{\@setfontsize\LARGE\@xviipt{22}}
\newcommand{\huge}{\@setfontsize\huge\@xxpt{25}}
\newcommand{\Huge}{\@setfontsize\Huge\@xxvpt{30}}

\@maxdepth\maxdepth
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\rm}{\normalfont\rmfamily}{\mathrm}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sf}{\normalfont\sffamily}{\mathsf}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\tt}{\normalfont\ttfamily}{\mathtt}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\bf}{\normalfont\bfseries}{\mathbf}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\it}{\normalfont\itshape}{\mathit}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sl}{\normalfont\slshape}{\@nomath\sl}
\DeclareOldFontCommand{\sc}{\normalfont\scshape}{\@nomath\sc}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\cal}{\@fontswitch{\relax}{\mathcal}}
\DeclareRobustCommand{\mit}{\@fontswitch{\relax}{\mathnormal}}

\else %% LaTeX2.09
%% To get bold super and sub-scripts in the right size:
\gdef\xpt{\textfont\z@\tenrm
  \scriptfont\z@\sevrm \scriptscriptfont\z@\fivrm
\textfont\@ne\tenmi \scriptfont\@ne\sevmi \scriptscriptfont\@ne\fivmi
\textfont\tw@\tensy \scriptfont\tw@\sevsy \scriptscriptfont\tw@\fivsy
\textfont\thr@@\tenex \scriptfont\thr@@\tenex \scriptscriptfont\thr@@\tenex
\def\unboldmath{\everymath{}\everydisplay{}\@nomath\unboldmath
          \textfont\@ne\tenmi
          \textfont\tw@\tensy \textfont\lyfam\tenly
          \@boldfalse}\@boldfalse
\def\boldmath{\@ifundefined{tenmib}{\global\font\tenmib\@mbi
   \global\font\tensyb\@mbsy
   \global\font\tenlyb\@lasyb\relax\@addfontinfo\@xpt
   {\def\boldmath{\everymath{\mit}\everydisplay{\mit}\@prtct\@nomathbold
        \textfont\@ne\tenmib \textfont\tw@\tensyb
        \textfont\lyfam\tenlyb \@prtct\@boldtrue}}}{}\@xpt\boldmath}%
\def\prm{\fam\z@\tenrm}%
\def\pit{\fam\itfam\tenit}\textfont\itfam\tenit \scriptfont\itfam\sevit
    \scriptscriptfont\itfam\sevit
\def\psl{\fam\slfam\tensl}\textfont\slfam\tensl
     \scriptfont\slfam\tensl \scriptscriptfont\slfam\tensl
\def\pbf{\fam\bffam\tenbf}\textfont\bffam\tenbf
    \scriptfont\bffam\sevbf \scriptscriptfont\bffam\fivbf
\def\ptt{\fam\ttfam\tentt}\textfont\ttfam\tentt
    \scriptfont\ttfam\tentt \scriptscriptfont\ttfam\tentt
\def\psf{\fam\sffam\tensf}\textfont\sffam\tensf
    \scriptfont\sffam\tensf \scriptscriptfont\sffam\tensf
\def\psc{\@getfont\psc\scfam\@xpt{\@mcsc}}%
\def\ly{\fam\lyfam\tenly}\textfont\lyfam\tenly
   \scriptfont\lyfam\sevly \scriptscriptfont\lyfam\fivly
\@setstrut \rm}
%
\gdef\@normalsize{\@setsize\normalsize{13pt}\xipt\@xipt
\abovedisplayskip 10\p@ plus2\p@ minus5\p@
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip  \z@ plus3\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip  6\p@ plus3\p@ minus3\p@
\let\@listi\@listI}

\gdef\small{\@setsize\small{11pt}\ixpt\@ixpt
\abovedisplayskip 8.5\p@ plus3\p@ minus4\p@
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus2\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
\topsep 4\p@ plus2\p@ minus2\p@\parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@
\itemsep \parsep}}

\gdef\footnotesize{\@setsize\footnotesize{9.5pt}\viiipt\@viiipt
\abovedisplayskip 6\p@ plus2\p@ minus4\p@
\belowdisplayskip \abovedisplayskip
\abovedisplayshortskip \z@ plus\p@
\belowdisplayshortskip 3\p@ plus\p@ minus2\p@
\def\@listi{\leftmargin\leftmargini
\topsep 3\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@\parsep 2\p@ plus\p@ minus\p@
\itemsep \parsep}}
%
\gdef\scriptsize{\@setsize\scriptsize{8pt}\viipt\@viipt}
\gdef\tiny{\@setsize\tiny{6pt}\vpt\@vpt}
\gdef\large{\@setsize\large{14pt}\xiipt\@xiipt}
\gdef\Large{\@setsize\Large{18pt}\xivpt\@xivpt}
\gdef\LARGE{\@setsize\LARGE{22pt}\xviipt\@xviipt}
\gdef\huge{\@setsize\huge{25pt}\xxpt\@xxpt}
\gdef\Huge{\@setsize\Huge{30pt}\xxvpt\@xxvpt}
%
\gdef\bfseries{\bf}
\fi

\lineskip 1pt
\normallineskip 1pt
\def\baselinestretch{1}

\normalsize
%% <<== end font info


%% Listing, same as 2.09 ==>>

\def\@listI{\leftmargin\leftmargini
            \parsep 4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@
            \topsep 8\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus4\p@
            \itemsep4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@}
\let\@listi\@listI
\@listi
\def\@listii {\leftmargin\leftmarginii
              \labelwidth\leftmarginii
              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
              \topsep    4\p@ \@plus2\p@ \@minus\p@
              \parsep    2\p@ \@plus\p@  \@minus\p@
              \itemsep   \parsep}
\def\@listiii{\leftmargin\leftmarginiii
              \labelwidth\leftmarginiii
              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep
              \topsep    2\p@ \@plus\p@\@minus\p@
              \parsep    \z@
              \partopsep \p@ \@plus\z@ \@minus\p@
              \itemsep   \topsep}
\def\@listiv {\leftmargin\leftmarginiv
              \labelwidth\leftmarginiv
              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listv  {\leftmargin\leftmarginv
              \labelwidth\leftmarginv
              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}
\def\@listvi {\leftmargin\leftmarginvi
              \labelwidth\leftmarginvi
              \advance\labelwidth-\labelsep}

\leftmargini 25pt
\leftmarginii 22pt
\leftmarginiii 18.7pt
\leftmarginiv 17pt
\leftmarginv 10pt
\leftmarginvi 10pt

\leftmargin\leftmargini
\labelsep 5pt
\labelwidth\leftmargini\advance\labelwidth-\labelsep

\if@twocolumn
  \setlength\leftmargini  {2em}
\else
  \setlength\leftmargini  {2.5em}
\fi
\setlength\leftmarginii  {2.2em}
\setlength\leftmarginiii {1.87em}
\setlength\leftmarginiv  {1.7em}
\if@twocolumn
  \setlength\leftmarginv  {.5em}
  \setlength\leftmarginvi {.5em}
\else
  \setlength\leftmarginv  {1em}
  \setlength\leftmarginvi {1em}
\fi
\setlength\leftmargin    {\leftmargini}
\setlength  \labelsep  {.5em}
\setlength  \labelwidth{\leftmargini}
\addtolength\labelwidth{-\labelsep}

\@beginparpenalty -\@lowpenalty
\@endparpenalty   -\@lowpenalty
\@itempenalty     -\@lowpenalty

\renewcommand{\theenumi}{\arabic{enumi}}
\renewcommand{\theenumii}{\alph{enumii}}
\renewcommand{\theenumiii}{\roman{enumiii}}
\renewcommand{\theenumiv}{\Alph{enumiv}}
\newcommand{\labelenumi}{\theenumi}
\newcommand{\labelenumii}{(\theenumii)}
\newcommand{\labelenumiii}{\theenumiii}
\newcommand{\labelenumiv}{\theenumiv}
\renewcommand{\p@enumii}{\theenumi}
\renewcommand{\p@enumiii}{\theenumi(\theenumii)}
\renewcommand{\p@enumiv}{\p@enumiii\theenumiii}

\def\sqbullet{\raise.2ex\hbox{\vrule width 4pt height4pt}}

\def\labelitemi{\llap{\hbox to8pt{\sqbullet\hfill}}}
%\newcommand{\labelitemi}{$\m@th\bullet$}
\newcommand{\labelitemii}{\normalfont\bfseries --}
\newcommand{\labelitemiii}{$\m@th\ast$}
\newcommand{\labelitemiv}{$\m@th\cdot$}
\newenvironment{description}
               {\list{}{\labelwidth\z@ \itemindent-\leftmargin
                        \let\makelabel\descriptionlabel}}
               {\endlist}

\ifll
\newcommand*{\descriptionlabel}[1]{\hspace\labelsep
                                \normalfont\bfseries #1}
\else
\gdef\descriptionlabel#1{\hspace\labelsep \bf #1}\fi

%%% <<=== end of listing commands 

%% Title Pages, List of Contributors, Preface, Introduction==>>





\def\name#1{\vskip2pt\fakesc #1*\hskip10pt}

\newif\ifpreface
\def\preface{\chapter*{Preface}
\global\prefacetrue
\addcontentsline{toc}{spchapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}Preface}
\global\titletrue\rhead{PREFACE}}

\def\endpreface{\newpage\rhead{}}


\def\prefaceauthor#1{\def\pone{#1}\vskip14pt\hbox to\textwidth{\hfill
\expandafter\fakesc\pone*}}

\def\foreword{\chapter*{Foreword}
\addcontentsline{toc}{spchapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}Foreword}
\global\titletrue\rhead{FOREWORD}}

\let\endforeword\endpreface

\def\forewordauthor#1{\vskip14pt\hbox to\textwidth{\hfill
\vtop{\let\\ \cr
\halign{##\hfill\cr
#1
\crcr}
}}}

\let\forwardauthor\forewordauthor

\newif\ifdedi
\def\dedication#1{\newpage
\global\deditrue
\global\titletrue\null\vskip15pc
\noindent\hfill\vtop{\hsize=10pc
\leftskip=\parfillskip
\baselineskip=12pt
\parfillskip=0pt
\setcounter{page}{5}
\dedicationfont
\noindent#1\vskip1sp}
\addcontentsline{toc}{spchapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}Dedication}
\thispagestyle{empty}
\newpage
\rhead{}}


\def\contributingauthors{\chapter*{Contributing Authors}
\addcontentsline{toc}{spchapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}Contributing Authors}
\global\titletrue
\rightrunninghead{Contributing Authors}
\vskip1sp\vskip-16pt
\def\author##1{\vskip18pt
\noindent{\bf\relax ##1}}}

\def\endcontributingauthors{\newpage
\markboth{}{}}

\def\introduction#1{\newpage
\bgroup
\parfillskip=0pt
\chapter*{\chaptertitlefont Introduction}
\vskip1sp
\vskip-11.5pc
\noindent{\authorfont #1}\egroup
\vskip12.5pc
\rightrunninghead{INTRODUCTION}
\renewcommand{\thechapter}{I}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}Introduction}
{\let\\ \space \let\footnote\eatone\gdef\totoc{\vskip2pt\noindent\tocauthorfont #1}}
\addtocontents{toc}{{\string\noindent\totoc}}
\indent\ignorespaces}

%% from 2e
\newcommand{\frontmatter}{\cleardoublepage
            \@mainmatterfalse\pagenumbering{roman}}
\newcommand{\mainmatter}{\cleardoublepage
       \@mainmattertrue\pagenumbering{arabic}}
\newcommand{\backmatter}{\if@openright\cleardoublepage\else\clearpage\fi
      \@mainmatterfalse}
%%

\newif\iftitle
\def\booktitle{\@ifnextchar[\@booktitle\sbooktitle}

\def\@booktitle[#1]#2{%
{\let\\\par
\gdef\thetitle{\uppercase{#2}}}
\gdef\theshorttitle{\uppercase{#1}}
\gdef\lrunninghead{\theshorttitle}}

\def\sbooktitle#1{%
{\let\\ =\par
\gdef\thetitle{\uppercase{#1}}}
{\let\\ =\ \gdef\lrunninghead{\uppercase{#1}}}
}

\def\subtitle#1{\def\thesubtitle{#1}}

\newcount\edcount
\newcount\loopnum

\def\editor#1{\vskip1pt
\global\advance\edcount by1\relax
\expandafter\def\csname theeditor\the\edcount\endcsname{\uppercase{#1}}
\vskip1pt}

\def\edaffil#1{\expandafter\def\csname theedaffil\the\edcount\endcsname{#1}}

\def\booktitlerunninghead#1{\gdef\lrunninghead{#1}}
\booktitlerunninghead{}
\def\chaptitlerunninghead#1{\gdef\rrunninghead{#1}}
\chaptitlerunninghead{}
\let\rightrunninghead\chaptitlerunninghead
\let\rhead\chaptitlerunninghead
\let\lhead\booktitlerunninghead
\rhead{}

\def\markboth#1#2{\rhead{#2}}
\def\markright#1{\rhead{#1}}


\booktitle{}
\subtitle{}

\newbox\testtitleheight

\def\halftitlepage{\thispagestyle{empty}
\moveright-3pt\vbox{\vskip-30pt
\parindent=0pt
\hsize=27pc
\noindent\hbox to0pt{\vrule height 3pt width 33pc\hss}
\vskip-1pt
\baselineskip19pt
\LARGE \boldmath
\halftitlefont
\thetitle\vskip1sp}
\newpage
\thispagestyle{empty}
}

\def\seriestitle#1{\def\theseriestitle{\uppercase{#1}}}

\def\editortable#1\endeditortable{\def\theeditortable{{\professorfont
\baselineskip=10pt
\let\\=\cr
\halign{#### \hfill&#### \hfill\cr
\hskip.5\textwidth&\hskip.5\textwidth\cr
#1
\crcr}}}}

\def\seriespage{\thispagestyle{empty}
\dimen0=\vsize
\advance\dimen0-1pt
\vbox to\dimen0{\parindent=0pt
\vbox to0pt{\vss
\seriestitlefont\theseriestitle
\vskip10.5pt
{\professorfont
Editors:}}
\professorfont
\vskip4pt
\vbox{\theeditortable}
\vskip1sp
\vfill
{\professorfont
Other Books in the series:}
\seriesbookfont
\vskip4pt
\theseriesbooks
}\newpage}

\def\seriesbook#1#2{\vskip.5pt{#1:
\vskip1sp
\noindent\hskip8pt\uppercase{#2}}\vskip1sp}

\def\seriesbooks#1\endseriesbooks{%
\def\theseriesbooks{\let\book\seriesbook
#1}}


\def\titlepage{\ifodd\c@page\else
\vfill\eject\null
\thispagestyle{empty}
\newpage\fi
\thispagestyle{empty}
\dimen0=\vsize
\advance\dimen0 by-6pt
\vbox to\dimen0{\vskip-30pt
\parskip=0pt
\parindent=0pt
\hsize=27pc
\noindent\hbox to0pt{\vrule height 0pt width 33pc\hss}
\vskip-1pt
{\baselineskip19pt
\LARGE \boldmath
\booktitlefont
\thetitle\vskip1sp}
\vbox to 13pc{
\ifx\subtitle\empty\vfill\else
\vskip6pt %18pt
{\baselineskip14pt
\LARGE \boldmath
\booktitlefont \thesubtitle\vskip1sp}\vfill\fi}
\baselineskip=9pt
{\editoraffilfont
Edited by}
\vskip6pt
\loopnum=1
{\loop\ifnum\loopnum<\edcount
\ifnum\loopnum>1 \vskip6pt\fi
\editorfont \csname theeditor\the\loopnum\endcsname
\vskip1pt\let\\ =\newline
\editoraffilfont
\csname theedaffil\the\loopnum\endcsname
\global\advance\loopnum by 1
\repeat
\ifnum\loopnum>1 \vskip6pt\fi
\editorfont \csname theeditor\the\loopnum\endcsname
\vskip1pt\let\\ =\newline
\editoraffilfont
\csname theedaffil\the\loopnum\endcsname
}
\vfill
\baselineskip=10pt
\kluwerfont\obeylines
Kluwer Academic Publishers
\vskip1sp
{\locationfont
Boston/Dordrecht/London}
}
\newpage
}

\def\dotspace{\hskip5pt\raise.5ex\hbox{$\scriptscriptstyle\bullet$}\hskip5pt}

%% end Title Pages, Preface

%% Part, Chapter, and Appendix Commands ===>>>
\def\keywords{\vskip4pt{\small
\leftskip=55pt
\noindent\llap\bgroup\hbox to55pt{\bf Keywords:\hfill}}\ignorespaces}

\def\endkeywords{\vskip1sp
\leftskip=0pt\egroup
\vskip2pt}


\def\abstract{\global\c@footnote=0
\vskip24pt\bgroup\small
\leftskip=55pt
\everypar={}
\noindent\llap{\hbox to55pt{\bf Abstract\hfill}}\ignorespaces}

\def\endabstract{\vrule width0pt depth 13pt\vskip1sp\egroup
\vskip1sp}

\def\chaptermark#1{}

\def\openright{\clearpage\ifodd\c@page\else
\null\thispagestyle{empty}\newpage\fi\global\titletrue%
}


\newcommand{\part}{\notes\clearpage\ifodd\c@page\else
\null\thispagestyle{empty}\newpage\fi
                 \thispagestyle{empty}%
                     \@tempswafalse
                 \secdef\@part\@spart}

\newif\ifpartwithtext
\long\def\partwithtext{\futurelet\next\lookforbrack}
\def\lookforbrack{\ifx\next[\let\go\xpartwithtext\else
\let\go\ypartwithtext\fi\go}

\long\def\xpartwithtext[#1]#2#3{\global\partwithtexttrue\part[#1]{#2}
\vskip36pt
\noindent
{#3}\@endpart}

\long\def\ypartwithtext#1#2{\global\partwithtexttrue\part{#1}
\vskip36pt
\noindent
{#2}\@endpart}

\def\@part[#1]#2{%
\openright
\ifnum\c@chapter=0
\ifx\thepage\xpage\else
\pagenumbering{arabic}\fi\fi
      \refstepcounter{part}%
{\def\\ {\space} 
      \addcontentsline{toc}{part}{\thepart\string\hskip1em\relax#1}}%
    \markboth{}{}
    {\interlinepenalty \@M
\parindent=0pt
\baselineskip=20pt
\def\\ {\vskip1sp} 
\reset@font\partnumberfont \thepart\vskip18pt
\Large\boldmath\partfont
\edef\argtwo{\uppercase{#2}}
\argtwo\par\unboldmath}%
\ifpartwithtext\global\partwithtextfalse\else
    \@endpart\fi}

\def\@spart#1{%
    {\centering
     \interlinepenalty \@M
     \reset@font
      \bfseries #1\par}%
    \@endpart}

\def\@endpart{\vfill\newpage
              \if@twoside
                \hbox{}%
                \thispagestyle{empty}%
                \newpage
             \fi}


\def\eatone#1{}

\newif\ifauthoron
\def\author{\futurelet\next\lookforbrac}

\def\lookforbrac{\ifx\next[\let\go\xauthor
\else\let\go\yauthor\fi\go}

\def\xauthor[#1]#2{\vskip24pt
{\vskip-\parskip
\parindent=0pt
\vskip3pt
\def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
\let\thanks\savefootnote
\let\footnote\savefootnote
\let\\ \chapskip{\authorfont\relax #2}\vskip1sp}
{\let\\ \space\let\thanks\eatone \let\footnote\eatone
\let\altaffilmark\eatone
\xdef\totoc{%
\ifauthoron\string\hskip-3pt,\string\ \else\string\noindent
\fi\tocauthorfont\relax #1}}
\addtocontents{toc}{{\totoc}}
\global\firstprologuetrue
\global\authorontrue
}

\def\yauthor#1{\vskip24pt
{\vskip-\parskip
\parindent=0pt
\def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
\let\thanks\savefootnote
\let\footnote\savefootnote
\let\\ \chapskip{\authorfont\relax #1}\vskip1sp}
{\let\\ \space 
\def\footnote{\protect\eatone}\def\thanks{\protect\eatone} 
\let\altaffilmark\eatone
\xdef\totoc{%
\ifauthoron\string\hskip-3pt,\string\ \else\string\noindent\fi%
\tocauthorfont\relax #1}}
\addtocontents{toc}{{\totoc}}
\global\firstprologuetrue
\global\authorontrue
}

\def\altaffilmark#1{$^{#1}$}
\def\altaffiltext#1#2{\vskip6pt\affil{$^{#1}$#2}}

\def\affil#1{\vskip1sp{\let\email\affilemail
\parindent=0pt
\def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
\let\thanks\savefootnote
\let\footnote\savefootnote
\let\\ \chapskip{\baselineskip=11pt\affilfont #1\vskip1sp}}
}

\def\ttcurlyleft{{\tt\char123}}
\def\ttcurlyright{{\tt\char125}}

\def\email#1{{\vskip1sp
\parindent=0pt
\def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
\let\footnote\savefootnote
\let\thanks\savefootnote
{\let\\ \chapskip
\let\{=\ttcurlyleft \let\}=\ttcurlyright
\emailfont #1}\vskip1sp}
}

\newif\ifmultipleauthors
\def\affilemail#1{
{\global\multipleauthorstrue
\def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
\let\footnote\savefootnote
\let\thanks\savefootnote
\vskip1pt
\baselineskip=13pt
\let\\ \chapskip{\emailfont #1}\vskip1sp}
\vskip8pt
}

\newif\iffirstprologue
\def\prologue#1#2{\iffirstprologue
\global\firstprologuefalse\vskip48pt\else
\vskip12pt\fi
{\leftskip=1pc \rightskip=1pc
\parindent=0pt \small\it
\let\\ \chapskip#1\vskip1sp
\hbox to\textwidth{\small\rm\hfill---#2\hskip1pc}
}\vskip4.5pc}

\@afterindenttrue

\def\chapter{\global\authoronfalse\openright
\global\c@theorem=0
\global\c@calphanum=0
\global\c@alphanum=0
\global\c@footnote=0
\global\footnum=0
\renewcommand{\thechapter}{\arabic{chapter}}
                    \global\@topnum\z@
                    \@afterindenttrue
                    \secdef\@chapter\@schapter}

\def\cnumberline#1{{\hbox{\tocarticletitlefont #1}
\vskip-\parskip\noindent%
\hskip-\leftskip\ignorespaces}}


\def\chapskip{\vskip-\parskip}

\def\xpage{\csname @arabic\endcsname \c@page}

\newcount\ftnum
\newcount\saveftnum
\def\catchfootnote#1{%
\global\advance\ftnum by1
\expandafter\gdef\csname thecatchfootnote\the\ftnum\endcsname{#1}}

\def\@chapter[#1]#2{\global\appendonfalse
\global\ftnum=0
\setbox0=\hbox{\let\thanks\catchfootnote
\let\\ \relax\let\footnote\catchfootnote#2}
{\def\thefootnote{\fnsymbol{footnote}}
\ifnum\ftnum<1\else
\saveftnum\ftnum
\global\advance\saveftnum by1
\ftnum=1
\loop\ifnum\saveftnum>\ftnum
\advance\c@footnote by 1
\savefootnotetext{\csname thecatchfootnote\the\ftnum\endcsname}
\global\advance\ftnum by1
\repeat
\fi}
\ifnum\c@chapter=0
\ifx\thepage\xpage\else
\pagenumbering{arabic}\fi\fi
{\let\thanks\eatone \let\footnote\eatone
\ifnum \c@secnumdepth >\m@ne
                       \if@mainmatter
                         \refstepcounter{chapter}%
                         \typeout{\@chapapp\space\thechapter.}%
                         \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}%
                                   {#1}%
                       \else
                         \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
                       \fi
                    \else
                      \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{#1}%
                    \fi
\ifsprunningheads %
              \gdef\lrunninghead{#1}%
\else
               \rightrunninghead{#1}%
\fi
}%% end \let\thanks\eatone
      \@makechapterhead{{\let\\ \chapskip\def\two{\uppercase{#2}}\two}}%
            \normalsize %% to compensate for authors that don't end
           % \begin{acknowledgments}...\end, and use \acknowledgements instead
\@afterheading}

\def\dofootnotenumber#1{\global\advance\c@footnote by 1
\raise.9ex\hbox{\footnotesize\fnsymbol{footnote}}}

\newdimen\subtitleskip
\def\@makechapterhead#1{%
\vbox{\vskip57pt\parindent \z@  \reset@font
    \interlinepenalty\@M
    \large \bfseries\chaptertitlefont 
\baselineskip17pt
\hyphenpenalty=10000\relax
{\let\thanks\dofootnotenumber
\let\footnote\dofootnotenumber\vskip1sp
\noindent\Large\boldmath\chaptertitlefont\uppercase{#1}}
\vskip1sp}\normalsize}

\let\articletitle\chapter
\def\articlesubtitle#1{\vskip-\subtitleskip\vskip9pt{{
\large\baselineskip=16pt\boldmath\articlesubtitlefont
\noindent#1
\vskip1sp}}}

\def\@schapter#1{\if@twocolumn
                   \@topnewpage[\@makeschapterhead{#1}]%
                 \else
                   \@makeschapterhead{#1}%
                   \@afterheading
                 \fi}

\def\@makeschapterhead#1{%
\global\titletrue
  \vspace*{-30pt}%
  {\parindent \z@ \raggedright
    \reset@font
    \interlinepenalty\@M
    \large \bfseries\schaptertitlefont #1\par\nobreak
\vskip12pc
}}

\newcount\c@alphanum
\c@alphanum=0
\newif\ifappendon
\def\appendix#1{\newpage\par
\global\advance\c@alphanum by1
\xdef\applett{\Alph{alphanum}}
\global\appendontrue
\global\c@theorem=0
  \setcounter{chapter}{1}%
  \setcounter{section}{0}%
  \setcounter{figure}{0}%
  \setcounter{table}{0}%
  \setcounter{equation}{0}%
  \renewcommand{\@chapapp}{\appendixname}%
  \renewcommand{\thechapter}{\Alph{chapter}-}
\def\one{#1}\ifx\one\empty
\section*{Appendix \ifnum\c@alphanum>1\applett\fi}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix \ifnum\c@alphanum>1\applett\fi}
\else
\section*{Appendix: #1}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix: #1}
\fi
\def\thechapter{\Alph{alphanum}-}
\def\theapprunninghead{\Alph{alphanum}}
%\markboth{APPENDIX\ \ \theapprunninghead}{APPENDIX\ \ \theapprunninghead}
\small
}

\newcount\c@calphanum

\def\chapappendix#1{\par
\global\advance\c@calphanum by1
\xdef\applett{\Alph{calphanum}}
\global\appendontrue
  \setcounter{theorem}{0}%
  \setcounter{section}{0}%
  \setcounter{figure}{0}%
  \setcounter{table}{0}%
  \setcounter{equation}{0}%
\def\thechapter{\Alph{calphanum}}
\def\one{#1}\ifx\one\empty
\section*{Appendix \ifnum\c@calphanum>1 \applett\fi}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix \ifnum\c@calphanum>1 \applett\fi}
\else
\section*{Appendix: #1}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{Appendix: #1}
\fi
%\gdef\rrunninghead{APPENDIX \applett\ifx\one\empty\else:\ \fi #1}
\small
}


%%% <<=== end Chapter, Part, and Appendix Commands 


%%% Counters ===>>
\newcounter {part}
\newcounter {chapter}
\newcounter {section}[chapter]
\newcounter {subsection}[section]
\newcounter {subsubsection}[subsection]
\newcounter {paragraph}[subsubsection]
\newcounter {subparagraph}[paragraph]

%%% <=== end counters

\newif\ifchapsect
\def\chaptersection{\global\chapsecttrue}

%%% Header Level Names ==>>
\renewcommand{\thepart}         {\Roman{part}}
\renewcommand{\thechapter}      {\arabic{chapter}}
\renewcommand{\thesection}      {\ifchapsect\thechapter.\fi\arabic{section}}
\renewcommand{\thesubsection}   {\thesection.\arabic{subsection}}
\renewcommand{\thesubsubsection}{\thesubsection .\arabic{subsubsection}}
\renewcommand{\theparagraph}    {\thesubsubsection.\arabic{paragraph}}
\renewcommand{\thesubparagraph} {\theparagraph.\arabic{subparagraph}}
\newcommand{\@chapapp}{\chaptername}

%%% <<== End Header Level Names


%%% Section Commands ====>>>>

% \@startsection {NAME}{LEVEL}{INDENT}{BEFORESKIP}{AFTERSKIP}{STYLE}
%            optional * [ALTHEADING]{HEADING}
%    Generic command to start a section.
%    NAME       : e.g., 'subsection'
%    LEVEL      : a number, denoting depth of section -- e.g., chapter=1,
%                 section = 2, etc.
%    INDENT     : Indentation of heading from left margin
%    BEFORESKIP : Absolute value = skip to leave above the heading.
%                 If negative, then paragraph indent of text following
%                 heading is suppressed.
%    AFTERSKIP  : if positive, then skip to leave below heading, else
%                 negative of skip to leave to right of run-in heading.
%    STYLE      : commands to set style
%  If '*' missing, then increments the counter.  If it is present, then
%  there should be no [ALTHEADING] argument.
%  Uses the counter 'secnumdepth' whose value is the highest section
%  level that is to be numbered.
\newcount\temptoc
\newif\ifupperandlower

\def\@sect#1#2#3#4#5#6[#7]#8{\let\dolabelnow\relax%
\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth
     \let\@svsec\@empty\else 
     \refstepcounter{#1}\edef\@svsec{\csname the#1\endcsname
\ifchapsect\else\ifnum #2<2.\fi\fi%
\hskip 2em }\fi
     \@tempskipa #5\relax
\ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@ 
%
        \begingroup#6\relax  
          \@hangfrom{\hskip #3\relax\@svsec}{\interlinepenalty \@M 
     \hyphenpenalty=10000 % No hyphenation in section heads
     \raggedright 
     %% make section head uppercase
     \ifnum#2=1{\def\label##1{\gdef\dolabelnow{\savelabel{##1}}}%
     \global\setbox0=\hbox{\def\\ {\relax}#8}}%
\ifupperandlower\else\uppercase{\fi\fi%
     \def\label##1{}%
     \def\\ {\hfill\break}%
%
\gdef\eight{\ifupperandlower#8\else\uppercase{#8}\fi}%
\eight
%
\ifupperandlower\else\ifnum#2=1}\fi\fi\par}%%
     \endgroup%
     \csname #1mark\endcsname{#7} % 
     \temptoc=\c@tocdepth \advance\temptoc by1
\ifnum\temptoc >#2
     {%<===
     \def\\ { }%
    \addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth\else%
                      \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname
\ifnum#2=1\fi}\fi #7}%<===
    }%<===
\fi%<===
\else
        \def\@svsechd{#6\hskip #3\relax
                 \@svsec #8.\csname #1mark\endcsname
                   {#7}
{\addcontentsline{toc}{#1}{\ifnum #2>\c@secnumdepth \else
                             \protect\numberline{\csname the#1\endcsname
\ifnum#2=1\fi}\fi
                       #7}}
}%% keep subsubsection contained
\fi\@xsect{#5} 
\ifnum#2=1 \ifsprunningheads\rhead{#7}\fi\fi
%\def\@currentlabel{\ifchapsect\else\thechapter.\fi\csname the#1\endcsname}
\def\@currentlabel{\csname the#1\endcsname}
\dolabelnow %% to make label not be uppercase.
}

\def\@ssect#1#2#3#4#5{%
  \@tempskipa #3\relax
  \ifdim \@tempskipa>\z@
    \begingroup
      #4{%
        \@hangfrom{\hskip #1}%
          \interlinepenalty \@M 
\ifupperandlower\else\ifnum#1<3\relax\uppercase{\fi\fi
#5
\ifupperandlower\else\ifnum#1<3}\fi\fi
\@@par}%
    \endgroup
  \else
    \def\@svsechd{#4{\hskip #1\relax #5}}%
  \fi
  \@xsect{#3}}
\newif\if@afterindent \@afterindenttrue
\def\@afterheading{%
  \@nobreaktrue
  \everypar{%
    \if@nobreak
      \@nobreakfalse
      \clubpenalty \@M
      \if@afterindent \else
        {\setbox\z@\lastbox}%
      \fi
    \else
      \clubpenalty \@clubpenalty
      \everypar{}%
    \fi}}

\newcommand{\section}{\@startsection {section}{1}{\z@}%
                                   {12pt}%
                                   {6pt}%
          {\reset@font\large\boldmath\bfseries\sectionfont}}
\newcommand{\subsection}{\@startsection{subsection}{2}{\z@}%
                                     {12pt}%
                                     {6pt}%
          {\reset@font\large\boldmath\bfseries\subsectionfont}}
\newcommand{\subsubsection}{\@startsection{subsubsection}{3}{\z@}%
                                     {12pt}%
                                     {-1em}
      {\reset@font\normalsize\boldmath\bfseries\subsubsectionfont}}
\newcommand{\paragraph}{\@startsection{paragraph}{4}{\z@}%
                                    {12pt}%
                                    {-1em}%
                 {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries\paragraphfont}}
\newcommand{\subparagraph}{\@startsection{subparagraph}{5}
                                    {\parindent}%
                                    {3.25ex \@plus1ex \@minus .2ex}%
                                    {-1em}%
                                   {\reset@font\normalsize\bfseries}}

%%% <<=== end section commands


%%% Verse, Quote, Extract ==>>

\newenvironment{verse}
               {\let\\=\@centercr
                \list{}{\itemsep      \z@
                        \itemindent   -1.5em%
                        \listparindent\itemindent
                        \rightmargin  \leftmargin
                        \advance\leftmargin 1.5em}%
                \item[]}
               {\endlist}
\newenvironment{quotation}
               {\small
\list{}{\listparindent 1.5em%
                        \itemindent    \listparindent
                        \rightmargin   \leftmargin
                        \parsep        \z@ \@plus\p@}%
                \item[]}
               {\endlist}
\newenvironment{quote}
               {\small
\list{}{\rightmargin\leftmargin}%
                \item[]}
               {\endlist}
\let\extract\quotation
\let\endextract\endquotation
%% <<== end Verse, Quote, Extract 


%%% Math ===>>>
%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\@eqnnum{\hbox{\@normalsize\rm (\theequation)}} 
\def\xrelax{\relax}
\newif\iffirsttime
\global\firsttimetrue
\newif\ifequation

\def\themathletter{\relax}
\def\mathletter#1{\gdef\themathletter{#1}}
\def\spletter#1{\gdef\thespletter{#1}}
\spletter{}

\def\]{\relax\ifmmode\ifinner\@badmath\else$$\fi%%$$ BRACE MATCH HACK
        \else \@badmath \fi\ignorespaces}

\def\@@eqncr{\let\@tempa\relax 
    \ifcase\@eqcnt \def\@tempa{& & &}\or \def\@tempa{& &} 
      \else \def\@tempa{&}\fi 
     \@tempa 
\ifx\themathletter\xrelax
%% Aug. 9 bug fix ==>
\if@eqnsw
\stepcounter{equation}\fi
%% <==
\else\iffirsttime\global\firsttimefalse\stepcounter{equation}
\fi\fi
\if@eqnsw\@eqnnum 
\fi
\ifx\templabel\relax\else\savelabel{\templabel}\fi%%% <<=== oct 14, make label
\global\let\templabel\relax                  % catch current number and letter
\global\let\themathletter\xrelax %% <<=== oct 4
\global\@eqnswtrue\global\@eqcnt\z@\cr}

\def\eqnarray{\expandafter\ifx\csname QQQ\endcsname\relax%
\let\@currentlabel=\theequation
\let\label\xlabel
\global\@eqnswtrue
\global\@eqcnt\z@\tabskip\@centering\let\\=\@eqncr
$$\everycr={\noalign{\gdef\themathletter{\relax}}}
\halign to \displaywidth\bgroup\@eqnsel\hskip\@centering
  $\displaystyle\tabskip\z@{##}$&\global\@eqcnt\@ne 
  \hskip 2\arraycolsep \hfil${##}$\hfil
  &%
\global\@eqcnt\tw@ \hskip 2\arraycolsep $\displaystyle\tabskip\z@{##}$\hfil 
   \tabskip\@centering&\llap{##}\tabskip\z@\cr\else\saveeqnarray\fi}

\def\endeqnarray{\@@eqncr\egroup
\global\firsttimetrue\spletter{}$$
\let\@currentlabel=\theequation
\ifx\templabel\relax\else\savelabel{\templabel}\fi%
\global\let\templabel\relax
\gdef\themathletter{\relax}\global\@ignoretrue}

%%% Just in case anyone wants a left aligned eqnarray

\newdimen\mathindent
\mathindent = \parindent

\def\lefteqnarray{\let\@currentlabel=\theequation
\let\label\xlabel
\global\@eqnswtrue
\global\@eqcnt\z@\tabskip\mathindent\let\\=\@eqncr
$$\everycr={\noalign{\gdef\themathletter{\relax}}}
\halign to \linewidth\bgroup\@eqnsel \hskip\@centering
  $\displaystyle\tabskip\z@{##}$&\global\@eqcnt\@ne 
  \hskip 2\arraycolsep \hfil${##}$\hfil  &%
\global\@eqcnt\tw@ \hskip 2\arraycolsep $\displaystyle\tabskip\z@{##}$\hfil 
   \tabskip\@centering&\llap{##}\tabskip\z@\cr}

\let\endlefteqnarray\endeqnarray

\def\leftequation{\let\label\xlabel
\@beginparpenalty\predisplaypenalty
\@endparpenalty\postdisplaypenalty
\trivlist \item[]\leavevmode
 \hbox to\linewidth\bgroup $\m@th% $ TO MAKE DOLLAR NESTING OK
  \displaystyle
\hskip\mathindent}

\def\endleftequation{$\hfil
\displaywidth\linewidth
%
\ifx\themathletter\xa\global\firsttimetrue\fi
\ifx\themathletter\xA\global\firsttimetrue\fi
\ifx\themathletter\xrelax\global\firsttimetrue%
\refstepcounter{equation}\else%
\iffirsttime\global\firsttimefalse\refstepcounter{equation}\fi\fi%
%
\@eqnnum\egroup 
%
\gdef\themathletter{\relax}\global\equationfalse
\global\@ignoretrue
\let\@currentlabel=\theequation
\ifx\templabel\relax\else\savelabel{\templabel}\fi%
\global\let\templabel\relax
%
\endtrivlist}

\let\savelabel\label % Aug 13, '93 bug fix
\def\xlabel#1{\gdef\templabel{#1}}
\let\templabel\relax

\def\equation{\expandafter\ifx\csname QQQ\endcsname\relax%
$$ % $$ BRACE MATCHING HACK
\let\label\xlabel\else\saveequation\fi}


\def\endequation{%
\ifx\themathletter\xa\global\firsttimetrue\fi
\ifx\themathletter\xA\global\firsttimetrue\fi
\ifx\themathletter\xrelax\global\firsttimetrue%
\refstepcounter{equation}\else%
\iffirsttime\global\firsttimefalse\refstepcounter{equation}\fi\fi%
\eqno \@eqnnum % $$ BRACE MATCHING HACK
$$\gdef\themathletter{\relax}\global\equationfalse
\global\@ignoretrue
\let\@currentlabel=\theequation
\ifx\templabel\relax\else\savelabel{\templabel}\fi%
\global\let\templabel\relax}

\@addtoreset{equation}{chapter}

\def\theequation{\thespletter\ifappendon% 
\applett.\arabic{equation}\themathletter\else\arabic{equation}%
\themathletter\fi}

\let\nochapequationnumber\relax

\def\sectionequationnumber{
\@addtoreset{equation}{section}
\def\theequation{\thespletter\ifappendon%
\applett.\arabic{equation}\themathletter\else\the\c@section.\arabic{equation}%
\themathletter\fi}}


%%% <<<=== end Math 


%%% Figure and Table Captions ==>>>
\newcounter{figure}[chapter]
\renewcommand{\thefigure}{\ifappendon\applett.\fi%
\@arabic\c@figure\theletter}
\def\fps@figure{tbp}
\def\ftype@figure{1}
\def\ext@figure{lof}
\def\fnum@figure{\figurename~\thefigure}
\newenvironment{figure}
               {\@float{figure}}
               {\end@float}
\newenvironment{figure*}
               {\@dblfloat{figure}}
               {\end@dblfloat}
\newcounter{table}[chapter]
\renewcommand{\thetable}{\ifappendon\applett.\fi%
\@arabic\c@table\theletter}
\def\fps@table{tbp}
\def\ftype@table{2}
\def\ext@table{lot}
\def\fnum@table{\tablename~\thetable}
\newenvironment{table}
               {\@float{table}}
               {\end@float}
\newenvironment{table*}
               {\@dblfloat{table}}
               {\end@dblfloat}
\newlength\abovecaptionskip
\newlength\belowcaptionskip
\setlength\abovecaptionskip{10\p@}
\setlength\belowcaptionskip{0\p@}

\def\xfigure{figure}
\long\def\@makecaption#1#2{%
  \vskip\abovecaptionskip
  \sbox\@tempboxa{{\fignumfont#1.
  \let\it\captionitalic
  \quad \ifx\@captype\xfigure\figtextfont\else
          \tabtextfont\fi\let\newline\ #2}}%
  \ifdim \wd\@tempboxa >.9\hsize
    \fignumfont #1.
    \quad\let\it\captionitalic
    \ifx\@captype\xfigure\figtextfont\else
        \tabtextfont\fi#2\par
  \else
    \global \@minipagefalse
    \hbox to\hsize{\hfil\box\@tempboxa\hfil}%
  \fi
  \ifx\@captype\xfigure
    \vskip\belowcaptionskip
  \else
    \vskip3pt
  \fi
  \xdef\@currentlabel{\expandafter\csname p@\@captype\endcsname%
  \expandafter\csname the\@captype\endcsname\theletter}
%
  \gdef\theletter{\relax}
  \ifx\@captype\xtable\vskip\abovetableskip\relax\fi
}

\let\savetabular\tabular
\def\tabular{\tablefontsize\baselineskip=12pt\savetabular}
\@namedef{tabular*}#1{\def\@halignto{to#1}\tablefontsize\baselineskip12pt\@tabular}

\let\savetable\table

\def\table{\small\savetable}

%%% code to get text in tables to extend all the way to left and right
%%% of table

\def\xtable{table}
\def\@array[#1]#2{\setbox\@arstrutbox=\hbox{\vrule 
     height\arraystretch \ht\strutbox
     depth\arraystretch \dp\strutbox
     width\z@}\@mkpream{#2}\edef\@preamble{\halign \noexpand\@halignto
\bgroup%
\tabskip\z@\@arstrut\@preamble
\ifx\@captype\xtable\hskip-\tabcolsep\fi%% <==== Changed
\tabskip\z@ \cr}%
\let\@startpbox\@@startpbox \let\@endpbox\@@endpbox%
  \if #1t\vtop \else \if#1b\vbox \else \vcenter \fi\fi%
  \bgroup\let\par\relax%
  \let\@sharp##\let\protect\relax \lineskip\z@\baselineskip\z@\@preamble}

%% new
\def\new@tabacol{\edef\@preamble{\@preamble\hskip0pt}}

\def\@tabclassz{\ifcase \@lastchclass\@acolampacol% 
\or \@ampacol \or
   \or \or \@addamp \or \@acolampacol\or \@firstampfalse 
\ifx\@captype\xtable \new@tabacol\else\@tabacol \fi%
\fi%
\edef\@preamble{\@preamble%
  \ifcase \@chnum%
     \hfil\ignorespaces\@sharp\unskip\hfil%
     \or \ignorespaces\@sharp\unskip\hfil%
     \or \hfil\hskip\z@ \ignorespaces\@sharp\unskip\fi}}

\let\savehline\hline 
\def\sphline{\noalign{\vskip3pt}\hline\noalign{\vskip3pt}}

\def\tablenotes{\bgroup\parfillskip=0pt plus 1fil
\leftskip=0pt\relax \rightskip=0pt
\vskip2pt\footnotesize}
\def\endtablenotes{\vskip1pt\egroup}

%%%%%%%%%

\def\widefigure{\clearpage
\advance\oddsidemargin-88pt
\advance\evensidemargin-88pt
\bgroup
\global\textwidth=\textheight 
\hsize=\textheight
\textheight=28.5pc
\thispagestyle{empty}\def\@captype{figure}}
\def\endwidefigure{\vskip1sp\egroup\clearpage
\global\textwidth=\savetextwidth
\advance\oddsidemargin88pt
\advance\evensidemargin88pt
}

\def\landscapemode{\clearpage
\advance\oddsidemargin-88pt
\advance\evensidemargin-88pt
\bgroup
\global\textwidth=\textheight 
\hsize=\textheight
\textheight=28.5pc
\thispagestyle{empty}}
\def\endlandscapemode{\vskip1sp\egroup\clearpage
\global\textwidth=\savetextwidth
\advance\oddsidemargin88pt
\advance\evensidemargin88pt
}

\def\widetable{\clearpage
\advance\oddsidemargin-88pt
\advance\evensidemargin-88pt
\bgroup\global\textwidth=\textheight 
\hsize=\textwidth
\thispagestyle{empty}
\bgroup\def\@captype{table}
\centering
}
\def\endwidetable{\vskip1sp\egroup
\vskip1sp\egroup
\clearpage
\global\textwidth=\savetextwidth
\advance\oddsidemargin88pt
\advance\evensidemargin88pt
}
%
%% ==> new
\newdimen\belowtableskip
\newdimen\abovetableskip
\abovetableskip=6pt
\def\xtable{table}

\long\def\@makenarrowcaption#1#2{%
\vskip12pt
\hbox to\textwidth{\hss\vtop{\hsize=1.5in\parskip=6pt\footnotesize%
{\fignumfont\relax #1}\hskip1em\figtextfont\relax #2}}}

\def\narrowcaption#1{\let\@makecaption\@makenarrowcaption
\caption{#1}}

\def\dblcaption#1#2{
\hbox to\textwidth{%
\vtop{\textwidth=13.5pc\hsize13.5pc\caption{#1}}\hfill\vtop{\textwidth=13.5pc%
\hsize13.5pc\caption{#2}}}
}

\def\lettereddblcaption#1#2#3#4{
\hbox to\textwidth{%
\vtop{\textwidth13.5pc \hsize13.5pc\letteredcaption{#1}{#2}}\hfill%
\vtop{\textwidth13.5pc \hsize13.5pc\letteredcaption{#3}{#4}}}
}

%%%%%%%%%
%%%% Continued captions

\def\Nfnum@figure{Figure \thefigure\ {(continued)}\hfill\break}

\def\Nfnum@table{Table \thetable\ {(continued)}\hfill\break}

\def\Ccaption{\@dblarg{\C@caption\@captype}}

\long\def\C@caption#1[#2]#3{\par
\begingroup
    \@parboxrestore
    \normalsize
    \@makecaption{\csname fnum@#1\endcsname}{\ignorespaces#3}\par
  \endgroup}

\newif\ifcontinuedcaption
\def\contcaption#1{\global\continuedcaptiontrue
{\let\fnum@figure\Nfnum@figure
\let\fnum@table\Nfnum@table
\Ccaption{#1}}}

\def\narrowcontcaption#1{\global\continuedcaptiontrue
{\let\@makecaption\@makenarrowcaption
\let\fnum@figure\Nfnum@figure
\let\fnum@table\Nfnum@table
\Ccaption{#1}}}

%%%%%%%%% Lettered Captions

\def\theletter{\relax}
\newif\ifxfirsttime
\xfirsttimetrue
\def\xa{a}
\def\xA{A}

\def\caption{\ifx\@captype\xtable
\ifx\theletter\xrelax
\global\xfirsttimetrue\refstepcounter\@captype\else
\ifx\theletter\xa \global\xfirsttimetrue\fi
\ifx\theletter\xA \global\xfirsttimetrue\fi
\ifxfirsttime\global\xfirsttimefalse\refstepcounter\@captype\fi\fi
\else
\ifx\theletter\xrelax
\global\xfirsttimetrue\refstepcounter\@captype\else
\ifx\theletter\xa \global\xfirsttimetrue\fi
\ifx\theletter\xA \global\xfirsttimetrue\fi
\ifxfirsttime\global\xfirsttimefalse\refstepcounter\@captype\fi\fi\fi
\edef\@currentlabel{\expandafter\csname p@\@captype\endcsname%
\expandafter\csname the\@captype\endcsname}
\xdef\currcaptype{\@captype}
\@dblarg{\@caption\@captype}}

\def\letteredcaption#1{\gdef\theletter{#1}\caption}

%%%%%%%%%

\def\fnum@figure{Figure\ \thefigure}
\def\fnum@table{Table\ \thetable}

%%% <<=== end Figure and Table Captions


%%% Table of Contents, List of Figures, LOT ===>>

\newcommand{\@pnumwidth}{1.55em}
\newcommand{\@tocrmarg} {2.55em}
\newcommand{\@dotsep}{4.5}

\newcommand{\tableofcontents}{%
\ifdedi
\setcounter{page}{7}
\else
\setcounter{page}{5}
\fi
 \chapter*{{\toctitlefont\contentsname}
        \@mkboth{\uppercase{\contentsname}}{\uppercase{\contentsname}}}%
\rightrunninghead{\contentsname}
{\tocarticletitlefont
\baselineskip=9pt
\vskip1sp
\vskip-14pt
    \@starttoc{toc}%
    \if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
\newpage
\markboth{}{}
    }

\newcommand{\sptableofcontents}{%
    \chapter*{{\toctitlefont\contentsname}
        \@mkboth{\uppercase{\contentsname}}{\uppercase{\contentsname}}}%
\rightrunninghead{\contentsname}
{\tocarticletitlefont
\baselineskip=9pt
\vskip1sp
\vskip-14pt
    \@starttoc{toc}%
    \if@restonecol\twocolumn\fi}
\newpage
%\markboth{}{}
    }
\newskip\tocpartskip
\tocpartskip=8pt plus1pt
\def\l@part#1#2{%
    \vskip\tocpartskip
    \begingroup
      \setlength\@tempdima{3em}%
      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
      {\leavevmode
\vskip1pt
        \tocarticletitlefont 
Part #1\hfil \hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss %#2
}}\par
       \nobreak
         \global\@nobreaktrue
         \everypar{\global\@nobreakfalse\everypar{}}
    \endgroup
}

\def\l@chapter#1#2{%
      \penalty-\@highpenalty
    \vskip 12pt 
     \setlength\@tempdima{1.5em}%
    \begingroup
      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
      \leavevmode\tocarticletitlefont%
      \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
      \hskip -\leftskip
#1\nobreak\hfill\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
      \penalty\@highpenalty
    \endgroup
    \vskip 2pt 
}

\def\l@spchapter#1#2{%
      \penalty-\@highpenalty
    \vskip -3pt 
     \setlength\@tempdima{1.5em}%
    \begingroup
      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
      \leavevmode\tocarticletitlefont%
      \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
      \hskip -\leftskip
#1\nobreak\hfill\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
      \penalty\@highpenalty
    \endgroup
    \vskip 1sp 
}

\def\l@index#1#2{%
      \penalty-\@highpenalty
    \vskip 18pt 
     \setlength\@tempdima{1.5em}%
    \begingroup
      \parindent \z@ \rightskip \@pnumwidth
      \parfillskip -\@pnumwidth
      \leavevmode\tocarticletitlefont%
      \advance\leftskip\@tempdima
      \hskip -\leftskip
#1\nobreak\hfill\hbox to\@pnumwidth{\hss #2}\par
      \penalty\@highpenalty
    \endgroup
    \vskip 2pt 
}



% \@dottedtocline{LEVEL}{INDENT}{NUMWIDTH}{TITLE}{PAGE} :
%   Macro to produce a table of contents line with the following
%   parameters:
%     LEVEL    : If LEVEL > \c@tocdepth, then no line produced.
%     INDENT   : Total indentation from the left margin.
%     NUMWIDTH : Width of box for number if the TITLE has a
%                \numberline command.
%                As of 25 Jan 88, this is also the amount of extra indentation
%                added to second and later lines of a multiple line entry.
%     TITLE    : Contents of entry.
%     PAGE     : Page number.
%
%  Uses the following parameters, which must be set by the document style.
%  They should be defined with \def's.
%    \@pnumwidth : Width of box in which page number is set.
%    \@tocrmarg  : Right margin indentation for all but last line of
%                  multiple-line entries.
%    \@dotsep    : Separation between dots, in mu units.  Should be \def'd to
%                  a number like 2 or 1.7
%
\def\@dottedtocline#1#2#3#4#5{%
\ifnum #1>\c@tocdepth \else 
%%
\vskip1pt %% <== bug fix, was before the \if. 10/20/97
%%
\vskip \z@ plus.2\p@ {\leftskip #2\relax \rightskip \@tocrmarg \parfillskip -\rightskip \parindent #2\relax 
\@afterindenttrue \interlinepenalty \@M \leavevmode \@tempdima #3\relax 
\advance \leftskip \@tempdima \hbox {}\hskip -\leftskip #4%
\nobreak% \leaders \hbox {$\m@th \mkern
% \@dotsep mu.\mkern \@dotsep mu$}
\hfill\nobreak\hbox to\@pnumwidth% 
{\hss\reset@font\tocarticletitlefont #5}\par}\fi}


\def\l@section{\vskip1pt\ifnum\c@tocdepth>2
\tocarticletitlefont\vskip2pt\setlength\@tempdima{18pt}\fi%
\@dottedtocline{1}{1.5em}{3em}}

\def\l@author{}
\def\l@subsection{\@dottedtocline{2}{4.5em}{3.2em}}
\let\l@subsubsection\l@subsection
%\def\l@subsubsection{\@dottedtocline{3}{7.0em}{4.1em}}
\def\l@paragraph{\@dottedtocline{4}{10em}{5em}}
\def\l@subparagraph{\@dottedtocline{5}{12em}{6em}}

\def\listoffigures{\@restonecolfalse\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn\fi
\chapter*{\toctitlefont List of Figures}
{\markboth{List of Figure}{List of Figures}}
\addcontentsline{toc}{spchapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}List of Figures}
\renewcommand{\@tocrmarg} {4.55em}%% was 2.55em
\@starttoc{lof}\if@restonecol \twocolumn\fi}

\def\l@figure{\@dottedtocline{0}{1.5em}{2.8em}}

\def\listoftables{\@restonecolfalse\if@twocolumn\@restonecoltrue\onecolumn
 \fi\chapter*{{\toctitlefont List of Tables}}
{\markboth{List of Tables}{List of Tables}}
\renewcommand{\@tocrmarg} {4.55em}%% was 2.55em
\@starttoc{lot}\if@restonecol
 \twocolumn\fi
 \addcontentsline{toc}{spchapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}List of Tables}}
\let\l@table\l@figure

%%% <<=== end TOC, LOT, LOF

%%% Bibliography, References, Acknowledgements ===>>

% Make \cite yield citation in parenthesis or square brackets;
% make dash between sequential numbers as long as they start with
% the first cite.

\newif\iflookfurther
\def\lookforcommas#1,#2,{\def\two{#2}\ifx\two\empty \global\lookfurtherfalse
\else\global\lookfurthertrue\fi}
\newcount\savefirstcitenum
\newcount\testcitenum
\newcount\lastcitenum

\def\@cite#1#2{\hskip1sp\relax%<== April 5, 1995, to let it break over lines.
\lcitebracket#1\if@tempswa , #2\fi
\iflookfurther--\the\lastcitenum\global\lookfurtherfalse\fi\rcitebracket}


\def\lcitebracket{}\def\rcitebracket{} % default is no brackets


\def\kluwerbib{
\def\thebibliography##1{\notes\newpage\chapter*{References}
\gdef\rrunninghead{REFERENCES}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}References}
\everypar={}
\bgroup
\frenchspacing
\small
\parindent=-1pc
\leftskip=1pc
\vskip1sp
}

\def\endthebibliography{\vskip24pt\egroup\parindent=0pt\relax
\newpage}

\def\chapreferences{\chapthebibliography{}}
\def\endchapreferences{\endchapthebibliography}

\def\chapthebibliography##1{\notes\section*{References}
%\gdef\rrunninghead{REFERENCES}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect\cnumberline{}References}
\everypar={}
\bgroup
\frenchspacing
\small
\parindent=-1pc
\leftskip=1pc
\vskip1sp
}

\def\endchapthebibliography{\vskip24pt\egroup\parindent=0pt\relax}

\def\references{\thebibliography{}}
\def\endreferences{\endthebibliography}

\def\newblock{}

\def\lcitebracket{}\def\rcitebracket{}

\def\@bibitem##1{\vskip1pt\item\if@filesw 
\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{##1}{\the \c@enumi}}\fi%
\ignorespaces}

\def\@citex[##1]##2{%
\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{##2}}\fi
  \let\@citea\@empty
  \@cite{\@for\@citeb:=##2\do
    {\@citea\def\@citea{;\penalty\@m\ }%
     \def\@tempa####1####2\@nil%
{\edef\@citeb{\if####1\space####2\else####1####2\fi}}%
     \expandafter\@tempa\@citeb\@nil
     \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb}{{\reset@font\bf ?}\@warning
       {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
\expandafter\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}{##1}}


\def\@lbibitem[##1]##2{\vskip1pt\if@filesw
{\def\protect####1{\string ####1\space}%
\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{##2}{##1}}}\fi\ignorespaces}

\def\@bibitem##1{\par}

} % <======== end kluwerbib

%% default bib style, as opposed to \normallatexbib.
\kluwerbib

%%%%==>>

\def\normallatexbib{
\def\lcitebracket{[}\def\rcitebracket{]} % default is no brackets

\def\thebibliography##1{\newpage\chapter*{References}
\gdef\rrunninghead{REFERENCES}
\addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}References}
\everypar={}
      \list{\@biblabel{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
           {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{##1}}%
            \leftmargin\labelwidth
            \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
            \if@openbib
              \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
              \itemindent -\bibindent
              \listparindent \itemindent
              \parsep \z@
            \fi
            \usecounter{enumiv}%
            \let\p@enumiv\@empty
            \renewcommand{\theenumiv}{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
      \if@openbib
        \def\newblock{\par}
      \else
        \def\newblock{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}%
      \fi
      \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
      \sfcode`\.=\@m
\bgroup
\frenchspacing
\small
}

\def\endthebibliography{\vskip24pt\egroup\parindent=0pt\relax
     \def\@noitemerr
       {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
      \endlist
\newpage}

\def\chapthebibliography##1{\notes\section*{References}
\addcontentsline{toc}{section}{\protect\cnumberline{}References}
%\gdef\rrunninghead{REFERENCES}
\everypar={}
      \list{\@biblabel{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
           {\settowidth\labelwidth{\@biblabel{##1}}%
            \leftmargin\labelwidth
            \advance\leftmargin\labelsep
            \if@openbib
              \advance\leftmargin\bibindent
              \itemindent -\bibindent
              \listparindent \itemindent
              \parsep \z@
            \fi
            \usecounter{enumiv}%
            \let\p@enumiv\@empty
            \renewcommand{\theenumiv}{\arabic{enumiv}}}%
      \if@openbib
        \def\newblock{\par}
      \else
        \def\newblock{\hskip .11em \@plus.33em \@minus.07em}%
      \fi
      \sloppy\clubpenalty4000\widowpenalty4000%
      \sfcode`\.=\@m
\bgroup
\frenchspacing
\small
\itemsep=-1pt
\vskip-12pt
\vskip1sp
\item[]
}

\def\endchapthebibliography{\vskip24pt\egroup\parindent=0pt\relax
     \def\@noitemerr
       {\@latex@warning{Empty `thebibliography' environment}}%
      \endlist
}

\def\@lbibitem[##1]##2{\item[\@biblabel{##1}\hfill]\if@filesw
      {\let\protect\noexpand
       \immediate
       \write\@auxout{\string\bibcite{##2}{##1}}}\fi\ignorespaces}

\def\@bibitem##1{\item\if@filesw \immediate\write\@auxout
       {\string\bibcite{##1}{\the\value{\@listctr}}}\fi\ignorespaces}
\let\citation\@gobble
\ifll
\DeclareRobustCommand\cite{%
  \@ifnextchar [{\@tempswatrue\@citex}{\@tempswafalse\@citex[]}}
\def\@citex[##1]##2{%
  \let\@citea\@empty
  \@cite{\@for\@citeb:=##2\do
    {\@citea\def\@citea{,\penalty\@m\ }%
     \edef\@citeb{\expandafter\@firstofone\@citeb}%
     \if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{\@citeb}}\fi%
     \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb}{\mbox{\reset@font\bfseries ?}%
       \G@refundefinedtrue
       \@latex@warning
         {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
       {%\hbox{\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}
\setbox0=\hbox{\def\two{##2}\expandafter\lookforcommas\two{},{},}%
\iflookfurther
  \let\@citea\@empty
\ifnum\savefirstcitenum=0
\expandafter\expandafter\global\savefirstcitenum\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname 
\relax\the\savefirstcitenum \global\lastcitenum=\savefirstcitenum \else
\expandafter\testcitenum=\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname
\advance\lastcitenum by 1
\ifnum\testcitenum=\lastcitenum\global\lastcitenum=\testcitenum
\else
, \the\testcitenum\relax\global\lastcitenum=0 \global\lookfurtherfalse
\fi\fi\else
\def\@citea{,\penalty\@m\ }%
\expandafter\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname
\fi}}}{##1}\global\savefirstcitenum=0}
\else
\def\cite{\@ifnextchar [{\@tempswatrue\@citex}{\@tempswafalse\@citex[]}}

\def\@citex[##1]##2{\if@filesw\immediate\write\@auxout{\string\citation{##2}}\fi
  \let\@citea\@empty
  \@cite{\@for\@citeb:=##2\do
    {\@citea\def\@citea{,\penalty\@m\ }%
     \def\@tempa####1####2\@nil{\edef\@citeb{\if####1\space####2\else####1####2\fi}}%
     \expandafter\@tempa\@citeb\@nil
     \@ifundefined{b@\@citeb}{{\reset@font\bf ?}\@warning
       {Citation `\@citeb' on page \thepage \space undefined}}%
     \expandafter\csname b@\@citeb\endcsname}}{##1}}
\fi
\let\bibdata=\@gobble
\let\bibstyle=\@gobble
\def\bibliography##1{%
  \if@filesw
    \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\bibdata{##1}}%
  \fi
  \input{\jobname.bbl}}
\def\bibliographystyle##1{%
  \ifx\@begindocumenthook\@undefined\else
    \expandafter\AtBeginDocument
  \fi
    {\if@filesw
       \immediate\write\@auxout{\string\bibstyle{##1}}%
     \fi}}
\expandafter\let\csname b@*\endcsname\@empty

\def\references{\thebibliography{10}
\item[]
}

\def\endreferences{\endthebibliography}

\def\chapreferences{\chapthebibliography{10}
\item[]
}

\def\endchapreferences{\endchapthebibliography}

}

\let\alphabib\normallatexbib
%% <===

%%%%%% Chapter Bibliography Using BibTeX

\def\chapbblname#1{\def\currentfilename{#1}}

\def\chapbibliography#1{%
\if@filesw \immediate \write \@auxout {\string \bibdata {#1}}\fi 
\expandafter\ifx\csname currentfilename\endcsname\relax
\typeout{^^J^^J As soon as your .bbl file is written,
^^J^^J
!! PLEASE WRITE \string\chapbblname\string{<Your .bbl File Name>\string} !!
^^J\space\space\space before \string\chapbibliography{#1}
^^J^^J
The BibTeX Chapter Bibliography, \string\chapbibliography^^J 
\space\space\space Will not print unless you supply this file name!
^^J^^J
}
\else
{\let\thebibliography\chapthebibliography
\let\endthebibliography\endchapthebibliography
\@input {\currentfilename.bbl}}\fi
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%

\def\acknowledgments{\section*{Acknowledgments}
%\addcontentsline{toc}{spchapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}Acknowledgments}
}
\let\endacknowledgments\relax

\def\acknowledgment{\section*{Acknowledgment}
%\addcontentsline{toc}{spchapter}{\protect\cnumberline{}Acknowledgment}
}
\let\endacknowledgment\relax

%% end Bibliography, References and Acknowledgments

%%% Footnotes ===>>>

  \renewcommand{\footnoterule}{%
  \kern-3\p@
  \hrule width .4\columnwidth
  \kern 2.6\p@}

\let\savefootnoterule\footnoterule

  \let\footnoterule\relax

\long\def\@makefntext#1{%
    \parindent 1em%
    \noindent
    \@makefnmark#1}

\newcount\footnum
\newcount\savefootnum
\def\endnote#1{\global\advance\footnum by 1\relax$^{\the\footnum}$%
\long\expandafter\gdef\csname foot\the\footnum\endcsname{%
\vtop{\footnotesize\hsize=\textwidth%\leftskip=12pt\relax\parindent=-12pt
\indent\hbox to12pt{\the\footnum.\hfill}{#1\strut\vskip1sp}}\vskip1pt}}

\let\footnote\endnote

\def\notes{\ifnum\footnum=0\else
\section*{Notes}
\savefootnum=\footnum
\footnum=0
\noindent\loop\ifnum\savefootnum>\footnum%
\global\advance\footnum by1\relax%
\csname foot\the\footnum\endcsname\relax%
\expandafter\gdef\csname foot\the\footnum\endcsname{\relax}\relax%
\repeat\global\footnum=0\relax\fi}


%%% <<<=== End Footnotes



%%% Running heads ===>>>

%% unless we need these, leave these uncommented
    \let\@mkboth\@gobbletwo
    \let\chaptermark\@gobble
    \let\sectionmark\@gobble

\def\ps@headings{\let\@mkboth\markboth
 \def\@oddfoot{\iftitle\global\titlefalse\fi}
\let\@evenfoot\@oddfoot 
% \def\@oddfoot{\iftitle\vbox to0pt{%
%\vskip12pt
%\hbox to\textwidth{\hfill\foliofont\thepage\hfill}\vskip1sp\vss}%
%\global\titlefalse\fi\hfill}
% \def\@evenfoot{\iftitle\vbox to0pt{%
%\vskip12pt
%\hbox to\textwidth{\hfill\foliofont\thepage\hfill}%
%\vskip1sp\vss}\global\titlefalse\fi\hfill}
 \def\@evenhead{\iftitle\hfill\else{\foliofont \thepage}\hfill%
\runningheadfont\lrunninghead\fi}
 \def\@oddhead{\iftitle\hfill\else{\runningheadfont \rrunninghead}%
\hfill\foliofont\thepage\fi}%
}

\newif\ifsprunningheads
\def\chapsectrunningheads{\global\sprunningheadstrue
\def\markboth##1##2{\lhead{##1}\rhead{##2}}}

\markboth{}{}

\ps@headings

\pagestyle{headings}
\pagenumbering{roman}



%% Special use fonts ===>>

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Computer Modern font calls. These will be redefined
%% if PostScript fonts are used.
%%
%% LaTeX2e
%%
%% \documentclass{kapproc} %(without \usepackage{procps}) will use CM fonts
%% \usepackage{procps} % will use PostScript fonts
%%
%% LaTeX2.09
%%
%% \documentstyle{kapproc} will use Computer Modern fonts.
%% \documentstyle[procps]{kapproc} will use PostScript fonts.

%% Times-Roman
\def\timesroman{cmr10 }

%% Times-Bold
\def\timesbold{cmbx10 }

%% Times-Italic
\def\timesitalic{cmti10 }

%% Times-BoldItalic
\def\timesbolditalic{cmbx10 }

%% Helvetica
\def\helvetica{cmss10 }
\def\helveticamedium{cmss10 }
\def\helveticabold{cmssbx10 }
\def\helveticaoblique{cmsl10 }
\def\helveticaboldoblique{cmsl10 }

%% Special Use Fonts ==>>

%% Table of Contents
  \font\toctitlefont=\timesbold at 15pt % title of Table of Contents
  \font\tocbodyfont=\timesroman at 11pt % text of table of contents
  \font\tocauthorfont=\timesitalic at 10pt % used for introduction author
  \font\tocarticletitlefont=\timesroman at 10pt %


%% Running heads
  \font\runningheadfont=\timesitalic at10pt
  \font\foliofont=\timesroman at 11pt

%% Book Title, Half title page
  \font\halftitlefont=\helveticamedium at 18pt
  \font\booktitlefont=\helveticamedium at 18pt
  \font\subtitlefont=\helvetica at 12pt
  \font\seriestitlefont=\helveticamedium at 12pt
  \font\professorfont=\helvetica at 8pt
  \font\seriesbookfont=\helveticamedium at 8pt

  \font\editorfont=\timesroman at 11pt %% specs call for \helvetica
  \font\editoraffilfont=\helvetica at 9pt%% specs call for \helveticamedium

  \font\authorfont=\timesroman at 11pt %% specs call for \helvetica
  \font\kluwerfont=\helveticabold at 9pt %% specs call for \helveticamedium
  \font\locationfont=\helvetica at 9pt

  \font\copyrightfont=\helveticamedium at 6pt
  \font\copyrighttextfont=\helvetica at 6pt
  \font\dedicationfont=\timesbolditalic at 10pt

%% Part Title
  \font\partfont=\timesbold at 16pt %\helvetica at 24pt
  \font\partnumberfont=\timesbold at 12pt %\helvetica at 42pt
  \font\partsubtitle=\timesbolditalic at 16pt %\helveticaboldoblique at 24pt

  \font\affilfont=\timesitalic at 9pt %% 
  \font\emailfont=\helvetica at 8pt %% all caps


%% Chapter Title 
  \font\chapternumberfont=\timesroman at 15pt
  \font\chaptertitlefont=\timesbold at 15pt
  \font\schaptertitlefont=\timesbold at 15pt
  \font\articlesubtitlefont=\timesitalic at 15pt

%% Section heads
  \font\sectionfont=\timesbold at 13pt
  \font\subsectionfont=\timesbold at 13pt
  \font\subsubsectionfont=\timesbold at 11pt
  \font\paragraphfont=\timesbold at 11pt

%% Theorem fonts
  \font\theoremfont=cmcsc10 at 11pt

%% Caption 
  \font\fignumfont=\timesitalic at 9pt
  \def\figtextfont{\small} %\timesroman at 9pt
  \def\tabtextfont{\small} %\timesroman at 9pt

%% Table fonts
  \def\tabletitlefont{\timesroman}
  \def\tablefontsize{\small}
  \def\tablefootnotesize{\footnotesize}

%% References/Bibliography
\def\bibfontsize{\small}

%% Text fonts
\font\bit=\timesbolditalic at 10pt

%% Fake Small Caps
\font\bigscfont\timesroman at 9.5pt
\font\smscfont\timesroman at 7.5pt

%%% <=== end special use fonts

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%%%% Fake Small Caps

% To use: \fakesc some stuff*
%% \bigscfont, \smscfont are listed in font section above.

\def\fakesc#1*{\edef\stuff{#1 }%
\expandafter\pickupnewword\stuff* }
\def\saveast{*}

\def\rrelax{\relax}

\def\pickupnewlett#1{\def\letter{#1}%
\ifx\letter\saveast\unskip% 
\let\go\relax \else%  
\ifx\letter\rrelax{\bigscfont\ }%
\let\go\pickupnewword\else% 
\uppercase{\def\ucletter{#1}%  upper case letter
\ifx\letter\ucletter%
{\bigscfont#1}\else{\smscfont#1}\fi}%% 
\let\go\pickupnewlett\fi\fi\go}

\def\pickupnewword#1 {\expandafter\pickupnewlett#1\relax}
%% <== end fakesc

%% Algorithm

{\obeylines

\gdef\looker{\ifx\next\lineending\vskip-1sp%
\noindent\else%
\ifx\next\end\vskip-1sp\let^^M\ \else%
\vskip0pt\noindent\fi\fi}

\gdef\lineending{\parfillskip=0pt plus1fil\relax\futurelet\next\looker}

\gdef\algorithm{\medskip
\def\note##1{\parfillskip=0pt\hfill##1}\def\ {\quad}%
\baselineskip=12pt\parskip=2pt\obeylines\let^^M=\lineending}


\gdef\endalgorithm{\medskip}

\gdef\algorithm{\bgroup\obeylines\obeyspaces\def\ {\quad}
\def\note##1{\parfillskip=0pt\hfill##1}
\leftskip=2pc\relax\let^^M=\lineending\relax}

\gdef\endalgorithm{\medskip\egroup}

}% end of obeylines

%% code example

\newif\ifcodeon
\newif\ifneedspace
{\obeylines\obeyspaces

\gdef\codelooker{\ifx\next\lineending\vskip-4pt%
\noindent\else%
\ifx\next\end\vskip-4pt\let^^M\ \else%
\vskip0pt\noindent\fi\fi}

\gdef\codelineending{\relax\futurelet\next\codelooker}

\gdef\codesamp{\medskip\global\codeontrue\baselineskip=12pt%
\parskip=2pt\tt\obeylines\obeyspaces\let^^M=\codelineending}
\gdef\endcodesamp{\global\codeonfalse\vskip12pt}

\gdef\spcodesamp{\baselineskip=12pt%
\parskip=2pt\tt\obeylines\obeyspaces\let^^M=\codelineending}

\gdef\codebox#1{\let\go\relax%
\ifcodeon\else\global\needspacetrue\let\go\spcodesamp\fi\go%
\global\dimen1=#1\relax\global\setbox0=\vbox\bgroup}

\gdef\endcodebox{\ifneedspace\global\needspacefalse\vskip\baselineskip\fi%
\egroup%
\vtop to \ht0{\vskip-3pt\hrule\hbox to\dimen1{\vrule height\ht0%
\hfill\vrule height\ht0 depth \dp0}\hrule\vss}%
\nobreak\vskip-\ht0\rlap{\hskip6pt\vbox{\unvbox0}}}}
%% <== end algorithm


%% ==> glossary
\def\glossary{\section*{GLOSSARY}
\everypar={}
\bgroup\leftskip=1pc \parindent=-1pc}
\def\term#1{\vskip2pt{\bf #1}\hskip1em\relax}
\def\endglossary{\vskip12pt\egroup}
%% <==

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Index ===>>>


% latex default
\ifll
\newenvironment{theindex}
               {\if@twocolumn
                  \@restonecolfalse
                \else
                  \@restonecoltrue
                \fi
                \columnseprule \z@
                \columnsep 35\p@
\multicols{2}[\chapter*{Index}]
\markboth{INDEX}{INDEX}
\footnotesize
                \parindent\z@
                \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
                \let\item\@idxitem}
{\endmulticols
\onecolumn
\normalsize
\thispagestyle{empty}
\leftskip=0pt\vskip1sp}
\newcommand{\@idxitem}  {\par\hangindent 40\p@}
\newcommand{\subitem}   {\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{20\p@}}
\newcommand{\subsubitem}{\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{30\p@}}
\newcommand{\indexspace}{\par \vskip 10\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax}
\else
\newenvironment{theindex}
               {\if@twocolumn
                  \@restonecolfalse
                \else
                  \@restonecoltrue
                \fi
                \columnseprule \z@
                \columnsep 35\p@
\multicols{2}[\chapter*{Index}]
\markboth{INDEX}{INDEX}
\footnotesize
 \parindent\z@
                \parskip\z@ \@plus .3\p@\relax
                \let\item\@idxitem}
{\endmulticols
\onecolumn
\normalsize
\thispagestyle{empty}
\leftskip=0pt\vskip1sp}
\newcommand{\@idxitem}  {\par\hangindent 40\p@}
\newcommand{\subitem}   {\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{20\p@}}
\newcommand{\subsubitem}{\par\hangindent 40\p@ \hspace*{30\p@}}
\newcommand{\indexspace}{\par \vskip 10\p@ \@plus5\p@ \@minus3\p@\relax}
\fi
%%% <<<=== end latex default Index


%%%%%%% Index Formatting

\def\testforadd{\addtoindex}

\def\seealso#1{\hskip16pt{\it See also\ }{#1}}

\def\ltr#1{\nobreak\vskip5pt
\hrule
\nobreak
\vskip3pt
{\bf#1}
\nobreak
\vskip5pt}

\newif\ifnosrtfile
\def\newinput#1{\openin1 #1 \ifeof1 \typeout{^^J^^JWarning:
There is no file #1.^^J^^J\space\space \string\kluwerprintindex\space
will not work without a \jobname.srt file.^^J^^J
\space\space Please run your sorting program 
on \jobname.inx\space
to produce \jobname.srt.^^J^^J}\global\nosrtfiletrue\else
\global\nosrtfilefalse\closein1 \relax\input #1\fi}

\def\newauthorinput#1{\openin1 #1 \ifeof1 \typeout{^^J^^JWarning:
There is no file #1.^^J^^J\space\space \string\printauthorindex\space
will not work without a \jobname.att file.^^J^^J
\space\space Please run your sorting program 
on \jobname.aut\space
to produce \jobname.att.^^J^^J}\global\nosrtfiletrue\else
\global\nosrtfilefalse\closein1 \relax\input #1\fi}


{\catcode`>=\active
\gdef\kluwerprintindex{
\catcode`>=\active%
\let>\doindex
\newinput{\jobname.srt} \catcode`\*=12 \catcode`>=12
\ifnosrtfile\let\doitnow\relax\else\let\doitnow\doindexending\fi
\doitnow
}

\gdef\doindexending{
\vskip-14pt
\endmulticols
\onecolumn
\newpage
\leftskip=0pt\vskip1sp}
}

\let\saveanglebracket>

{\catcode`>=\active%
\newif\if@restonecol
\gdef\doindex #1{\multicols{2}[\chapter*{Index}]
\markboth{}{INDEX}
\bgroup
\let>\saveanglebracket
\def~{\relax}
\footnotesize
\noindent\ \unskip
\vskip-\baselineskip
\parindent=-\indexwrap \leftskip=\indexwrap
\def\,{\ifmmode\mskip\thinmuskip\else\comma\fi}
 \addcontentsline{toc}{chapter}{\protect \numberline{Index\string\hss}}
\columnsep 35pt
\hfuzz=.5in
\def\checker{#1}
\widowpenalty0
\clubpenalty0
\parskip=0pt plus.001pt
\raggedright
\ifx\checker\testforadd\let\next=\relax\else\let\next=\beginindex\fi\next #1}
}

%%%%%%  Index Entries

\newwrite\innx

\immediate\openout\innx=\jobname.inx

\newif\ifsilent
\newif\ifnotsilent

\newcount\spcount
\def\oneast{\global\spcount=1}
\def\twoast{\global\spcount=2}

\def\astsplit#1*#2#3{{\xdef\pagenumzeros{\ifnum\count0<100
\ifnum\count0<10 00\else 0\fi\fi}\if#2\relax%
\def\,{\noexpand\comma}%
\writeit{#1}%
\else\if#3\relax
\def\,{\noexpand\comma}%
\writeita{#1}\else
\def\,{\noexpand\comma}%
\writeitb{#1}\fi\fi%
\ifnotsilent#1\global\notsilentfalse\fi}}

\def\inx#1{\global\notsilenttrue\inxx{#1}{}\unskip }
\def\inxx#1{\astsplit#1*\relax\relax\nopagebreak{}}

\def\romannums{\csname @roman\endcsname\c@page}

\def\writeit#1{\xdef\pagenumzeros{\ifnum\count0<100
\ifnum\count0<10 00\else 0\fi\fi}%
\ifx\thepage\romannums%
\write\innx{\noexpand#1 |{%
\pagenumzeros\the\count0\string\global\string\romanontrue}}\else
\write\innx{\noexpand#1 |{\pagenumzeros\the\count0}}\fi}

\def\writeita#1{\xdef\pagenumzeros{\ifnum\count0<100
\ifnum\count0<10 00\else 0\fi\fi}%
\ifx\thepage\romannums%
\write\innx{\noexpand#1 |{\pagenumzeros\the\count0
\oneast\string\global\string\romanontrue}}\else
\write\innx{\noexpand#1 |{\pagenumzeros\the\count0
\oneast}}\fi}

\def\writeitb#1{\xdef\pagenumzeros{\ifnum\count0<100
\ifnum\count0<10 00\else 0\fi\fi}%
\ifx\thepage\romannums%
\write\innx{\noexpand#1 |{\pagenumzeros\the\count0
\twoast\string\global\string\romanontrue}}\else
\write\innx{\noexpand#1 |{\pagenumzeros\the\count0
\twoast}}\fi}

\write\innx{\noexpand>}
\write\innx{\noexpand~}

%% end sending to index
%%%%%% Author Index Entries

\newwrite\annx


\def\authorastsplit#1*#2#3{{\xdef\pagenumzeros{\ifnum\count0<100
\ifnum\count0<10 00\else 0\fi\fi}\if#2\relax%
\def\,{\noexpand\comma}%
\awriteit{#1}%
\else\if#3\relax
\def\,{\noexpand\comma}%
\awriteita{#1}\else
\def\,{\noexpand\comma}%
\awriteitb{#1}\fi\fi%
\ifnotsilent#1\global\notsilentfalse\fi}}

\def\authorpickup#1{\authorastsplit#1*\relax\relax}

\newif\ifauthorind
\def\anx#1{\ifauthorind\else\global\authorindtrue\startauthorindex\fi%
\global\notsilenttrue\authorpickup{#1}}
\def\anxx#1{\ifauthorind\else\global\authorindtrue\startauthorindex\fi%
\authorastsplit#1*\relax\relax}

\def\awriteit#1{\xdef\pagenumzeros{\ifnum\count0<100
\ifnum\count0<10 00\else 0\fi\fi}%
\ifx\thepage\romannums%
\write\annx{\noexpand#1 |{%
\pagenumzeros\the\count0\string\global\string\romanontrue}}\else
\write\annx{\noexpand#1 |{\pagenumzeros\the\count0}}\fi}

\def\awriteita#1{\xdef\pagenumzeros{\ifnum\count0<100
\ifnum\count0<10 00\else 0\fi\fi}%
\ifx\thepage\romannums%
\write\annx{\noexpand#1 |{\pagenumzeros\the\count0
\oneast\string\global\string\romanontrue}}\else
\write\annx{\noexpand#1 |{\pagenumzeros\the\count0
\oneast}}\fi}

\def\awriteitb#1{\xdef\pagenumzeros{\ifnum\count0<100
\ifnum\count0<10 00\else 0\fi\fi}%
\ifx\thepage\romannums%
\write\annx{\noexpand#1 |{\pagenumzeros\the\count0
\twoast\string\global\string\romanontrue}}\else
\write\annx{\noexpand#1 |{\pagenumzeros\the\count0
\twoast}}\fi}


\let\savecomma\,
\def\startauthorindex{\global\let\catchcomma\,
\gdef\,{\ifmmode\catchcomma\else\savecomma\fi}
\immediate\openout\annx=\jobname.aut
\write\annx{\noexpand>}
\write\annx{\noexpand~}}


{\catcode`>=\active
\gdef\printauthorindex{
\catcode`>=\active%
\let>\doauthorindex
\newauthorinput{\jobname.att} \catcode`\*=12 \catcode`>=12
\ifnosrtfile\let\doitnow\relax\else\let\doitnow\doindexending\fi
\doitnow
}}

{\catcode`>=\active%
\gdef\doauthorindex #1{\multicols{2}[\chapter*{Author Index}]
\markboth{AUTHOR INDEX}{AUTHOR INDEX}
\bgroup
\let>\saveanglebracket
\def~{\relax}
\footnotesize
\noindent\ \unskip
\vskip-\baselineskip
\parindent=-\indexwrap \leftskip=\indexwrap
\frenchspacing
\def\,{\ifmmode\mskip\thinmuskip\else,\fi}
 \addcontentsline{toc}{index}{\protect
 \numberline{Author Index\string\hss}}
\columnsep 35pt
\hfuzz=.5in
\def\checker{#1}
\widowpenalty0
\clubpenalty0
\parskip=0pt plus.001pt
\raggedright
\ifx\checker\testforadd\let\next=\relax\else\let\next=\beginindex\fi\next #1}
}


{\catcode`>=\active
\gdef\printtopicindex{
\catcode`>=\active%
\let>\dotopicindex
\newinput{\jobname.srt} \catcode`\*=12 \catcode`>=12
\ifnosrtfile\let\doitnow\relax\else\let\doitnow\doindexending\fi
\doitnow
}}

{\catcode`>=\active%
\newif\if@restonecol
\gdef\dotopicindex #1{\multicols{2}[\chapter*{Topic Index}]
\markboth{TOPIC INDEX}{TOPIC INDEX}
\bgroup
\let>\saveanglebracket
\def~{\relax}
\footnotesize
\noindent\ \unskip
\vskip-\baselineskip
\parindent=-\indexwrap \leftskip=\indexwrap
\def\,{\ifmmode\typeout{mmode^^J^^J}\mskip\thinmuskip\else\comma\fi}
 \addcontentsline{toc}{apchapter}{\protect\numberline{Topic Index\string\hss}}
\columnsep 35pt
\hfuzz=.5in
\def\checker{#1}
\widowpenalty0
\clubpenalty0
\parskip=0pt plus.001pt
\raggedright
\ifx\checker\testforadd\let\next=\relax\else\let\next=\beginindex\fi\next #1}
}

%% end and topic author index

%% start formatting index
%%%%%%% Index Formatting
%% start formatting index

%%% Index Macros
%%% Copyright 1992, Amy Hendrickson
%%% TeXnology, Inc.
%%% All rights reserved.


\def\indexit#1{{\it\expandafter\capthis #1}}
\def\indexbf#1{{\bf\expandafter\capthis #1}}
\def\indexsl#1{{\sl\expandafter\capthis #1}}
\def\indextt#1{{\tt\expandafter\capthis #1}}

\def\lcindexit#1{{\it #1}}
\def\lcindexbf#1{{\bf #1}}
\def\lcindexsl#1{{\sl #1}}
\def\lcindextt#1{{\tt #1}}

\def\module{}\def\rightmodule{}
\def\splittocstuff#1{\global\indxnum=#1}

\def\onward{}

\def\addtoindex{\par}
\def\xaddtoindex{\addtoindex}

\def\endadd #1{\def\lfe{#1}\ifx\lfe\xaddtoindex 
\let\lfe\relax\let\more\relax\else
\if\lfe~
\let\more=\relax\let\lfe=\endindx\else
\ifx\lfe\munge\let\more=\relax\else
\ifx\lfe\testforadd\vskip1pt\let\more\relax\else
\par\let\more=\beginindex\fi\fi\fi\fi
\expandafter\more\lfe}

\newcount\indxnum
\newcount\oldindxnum

\def\comma{, }
\def\go{}
\def\compare{}
\def\eatthree#1,#2,{}
\def\eattwo#1,{}
\def\oldthreecol{}
\def\oldtwocol{}
\def\oldonecol{}

\newbox\savenumbox

\def\eatcommas{\ifx\twocol\empty%
\let\eat=\relax
\else
   \ifx\threecol\empty\let\eat=\eattwo\else
      \let\eat=\eatthree
    \fi
\fi\eat}

\def\splitoff#1,#2,#3,{\gdef\onecol{#1}\gdef\twocol{#2}%
\gdef\threecol{#3}\eatcommas}
\def\endin{}
\def\testind{\endin}
\def\testadd{\addtoindex}
\def\oldcompare{}
\newif\ifendindex
\newif\ifsavenum
\newcount\saveindxnum
\newif\ifnnum
\newdimen\indexwrap
\newdimen\indexindent

\def\endindx{\vskip1sp\egroup\@normalsize}

\newif\ifromanon

\def\beginindex #1 |#2 #3{%
\parindent=-\indexwrap \leftskip=\indexwrap%
\def\module{}\let\oldrightmodule=\rightmodule%
\def\rightmodule{}%
\setbox0=\hbox{\expandafter\splittocstuff{#2}}%
\global\oldindxnum=\saveindxnum\relax%
\def\changenums{\ifnum\spcount<1%
\ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}\fi%
, {\module\ifromanon\expandafter\romannumeral\fi%
\number\indxnum\rightmodule}\else%
\ifnum\spcount=1% 
\ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}\fi%
, \underbar{\module\ifromanon\expandafter\romannumeral\fi%
\number\indxnum\rightmodule}%
\relax\global\spcount=0%
\else\ifnum\spcount=2%
\ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}\relax%
\global\spcount=0\fi%
\global\spcount=0, {\bf\module\ifromanon\expandafter\romannumeral\fi%
\number\indxnum\rightmodule}%
\fi\fi\fi}%
\def\comparenums{\ifnum\oldindxnum=0\changenums\else%%%%
\ifnum\indxnum=\oldindxnum%
\ifx\oldrightmodule\rightmodule\relax%
\else%
, {\module\ifromanon\expandafter\romannumeral\fi%
\number\indxnum\rightmodule}\fi%
\else%
\advance\oldindxnum by 1\relax%
\ifnum\indxnum=\oldindxnum%
\ifnum\spcount=1%
\gdef\numinbox{\underbar{\ifromanon\expandafter\romannumeral\fi%
\number\indxnum\rightmodule}}%
\global\nnumtrue%
\else%
\ifnum\spcount=2\gdef\numinbox{\bf\ifromanon\expandafter\romannumeral\fi%
\number\indxnum\rightmodule}%
\global\nnumtrue%
\else%
\gdef\numinbox{\ifromanon\expandafter\romannumeral\fi%
\number\indxnum\rightmodule}\fi\fi%
\setbox\savenumbox=\hbox{--\hskip1sp\numinbox}%
\global\spcount=0%
\global\savenumtrue%
    \else%
\ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}\changenums%
\else%
\changenums\fi\fi\fi\fi}%
%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\def\compare{#1}% now compare words
\ifx\compare\oldcompare\comparenums% 
   %% above test seems always to be false
\else\splitoff#1,{},{},%
   \ifx\onecol\oldonecol%
      \ifx\twocol\empty%
          \ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}%
          \fi%
            \par\global\oldindxnum=0 
            \expandafter\capthis\onecol\comparenums%
              \gdef\lastonecol{\onecol}%
      \else%% 
          \ifx\twocol\oldtwocol%
               \ifx\threecol\empty%
               \else%
                    \ifx\threecol\oldthreecol%
                    \else%
                         \ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse%
                          \hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}%
                         \fi%
                                  \par\global\oldindxnum=0\relax%
                                 \hskip2\indexindent\threecol\comparenums%% ***
                    \fi%
               \fi%
          \else%
               \ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}%
               \fi%
                       \global\oldindxnum=0\relax
                   \ifx\threecol\empty% 
                     \par\hskip\indexindent\twocol\comparenums%% ***
                     \gdef\lasttwocol{\twocol}%
                   \else%% this is just for error control, 
                            %% when author has new third level
                            %% but neglects second level entry.
                      \ifx\onecol\lastonecol%
                      \else\par%
                       \expandafter\capthis\onecol\gdef\lastonecol{\onecol}%
                      \fi%
                           \ifx\twocol\lasttwocol%
                           \else%
                              \par\hskip\indexindent\twocol%
                              \gdef\lasttwocol{\twocol}%
                           \fi%
                             \par\hskip2\indexindent\threecol\comparenums% ***
                   \fi%
         \fi%
     \fi%
   \else
        \ifx\twocol\empty%
            \ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}%
            \fi% 
                \par\global\oldindxnum=0\relax%
                \expandafter\capthis\onecol\comparenums%
                \gdef\lastonecol{\onecol}%
        \else%
            \ifx\threecol\empty%
                 \ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}%
                 \fi%
                          \global\oldindxnum=0\relax%
                    \ifx\onecol\lastonecol%
                    \else\par%
                     \expandafter\capthis\onecol\gdef\lastonecol{\onecol}%
                    \fi%
                    \par\hskip\indexindent\twocol\comparenums%% ***
            \else%
                  \ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}%
                  \fi%
                       \global\oldindxnum=0\relax%
                  \ifx\onecol\lastonecol%
                  \else\par%
                      \expandafter\capthis\onecol\gdef\lastonecol{\onecol}%
                  \fi%
                     \ifx\twocol\lasttwocol
                     \else%
                           \par\hskip\indexindent\twocol%
                           \gdef\lasttwocol{\twocol}%
                     \fi%
                       \par\hskip2\indexindent\threecol\comparenums% ***
           \fi%
      \fi%
   \fi%
\fi%
%%%%%
\gdef\oldcompare{#1}%
\global\saveindxnum=\indxnum%
\ifnnum\global\saveindxnum=0\global\nnumfalse\fi%
\global\let\oldonecol=\onecol\relax%
\global\let\oldtwocol=\twocol% 
\global\let\oldthreecol=\threecol% 
%
\def\turnoff{#3}\ifx\turnoff\testadd% 
\ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}\fi%
\let\go=\relax\else\ifx\turnoff\testind\let\go=\relax%
\ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}\fi\else%
\if\turnoff~\let\go=\endindx%
\ifsavenum\global\savenumfalse\unskip\hbox{\unhbox\savenumbox}\fi%
\else\let\go=\beginindex\fi\fi\fi\global\romanonfalse\go#3}



\let\lastonecol\relax
\let\lasttwocol\relax
\let\lastthreecol\relax
\let\oldonecol\relax
\let\oldtwocol\relax
\let\oldthreecol\relax


%% CHANGE INDEX FORMAT HERE ====>

%% If you DO NOT want the first letter of each first level index
%% entry to be capitalized, delete the % in front of the following line, 
%% and put % in front of the next line:

\let\capthis\relax
%\def\capthis#1{\uppercase{#1}}%

\indexindent=8pt %% indentation for index subentries
\indexwrap=24pt  %% indentation when term is too wide for column,
                 %% continues on following lines indented this much.




%%%%%
%% Frank Mittlebach's multicol macros, minus comments and
%% irrelevancies.

\def\multicols#1{\col@number#1\relax
  \@ifnextchar[\mult@cols{\mult@cols[]}}

\def\mult@cols[#1]{\@ifnextchar[%
  {\mult@@cols{#1}}%
  {\mult@@cols{#1}[\premulticols]}}

\def\mult@@cols#1[#2]{%
   \enough@room#2%
   #1\nobreak\par%\addvspace\multicolsep 
   \begingroup
   \prepare@multicols\ignorespaces}

\def\enough@room#1{\par \penalty\z@
   \page@free \pagegoal
   \advance \page@free -\pagetotal
   \ifdim \page@free <#1\newpage \fi}

\def\prepare@multicols{%
  \output{\global\setbox\partial@page
                 \vbox{\unvbox\@cclv}}\eject
  \vbadness9999 \hbadness5000
  \tolerance\multicoltolerance 
  \doublecol@number\col@number
  \multiply\doublecol@number\tw@
  \advance\baselineskip\multicolbaselineskip
  \advance\@colroom-\ht\partial@page
  \vsize\col@number\@colroom
  \advance\vsize\c@collectmore\baselineskip
  \hsize\columnwidth \advance\hsize\columnsep
  \advance\hsize-\col@number\columnsep
  \divide\hsize\col@number 
  \linewidth\hsize 
  \output{\multi@columnout}%
%  \multiply\count\footins\col@number
%  \multiply\skip \footins\col@number
  \reinsert@footnotes}

\def\endmulticols{\parskip=0pt
\par\penalty\z@
  \output{\balance@columns}\eject\nobreak%
\endgroup
}

\newcount\c@unbalance     \c@unbalance   = 0
\newcount\c@collectmore   \c@collectmore = 0

\newcount\col@number 
\newcount\doublecol@number
\newcount\multicoltolerance
                   \multicoltolerance = 9999
\newdimen\page@free
\newdimen\premulticols  \premulticols = 50pt
\newdimen\postmulticols \postmulticols= 50pt
\newskip\multicolsep 
      \multicolsep =0pt

\newskip\multicolbaselineskip 
                   \multicolbaselineskip=0pt
\newbox\partial@page

\def\process@cols#1#2{\count@#1\relax
     \loop #2%
     \advance\count@\tw@
     \ifnum\count@<\doublecol@number 
   \repeat}


\def\page@sofar{\unvbox\partial@page 
   \process@cols\z@{\wd\count@\hsize}%
\hbox to\textwidth{%
     \process@cols\tw@{\box\count@\hss}%
\box\z@}
}


\def\reinsert@footnotes{\ifvoid\footins\else
         \insert\footins{\unvbox\footins}\fi}

\def\multi@columnout{%
   \ifnum\outputpenalty <-\@Mi
   \speci@ls \else
   \splittopskip\topskip 
   \splitmaxdepth\maxdepth
   \dimen@\@colroom
   \divide\skip\footins\col@number
   \ifvoid\footins \else
      \advance\dimen@-\skip\footins 
      \advance\dimen@-\ht\footins   \fi
   \process@cols\tw@{\setbox\count@
            \vsplit\@cclv to\dimen@}%
   \setbox\z@\vsplit\@cclv to\dimen@
   \ifvoid\@cclv \else 
       \unvbox\@cclv
       \penalty\outputpenalty\fi     
   \setbox\@cclv\vbox{\page@sofar}%
   \@makecol\@outputpage
   \global\@colroom\@colht
   \process@deferreds
   \global\vsize\col@number\@colroom 
   \global\advance\vsize
      \c@collectmore\baselineskip
   \multiply\skip\footins\col@number\fi}

\def\speci@ls{%
   \unvbox\@cclv\reinsert@footnotes
   \gdef\@currlist{}}

\def\process@deferreds{%
   \@floatplacement 
   \begingroup
    \let\@tempb\@deferlist
    \gdef\@deferlist{}%
    \let\@elt\@scolelt
      \@tempb \endgroup}

\newif\ifshr@nking

\def\raggedcolumns{%
   \@bsphack\shr@nkingtrue\@esphack}

\def\flushcolumns{%
   \@bsphack\shr@nkingfalse\@esphack}

\newcount\loopcount

\newdimen\savedimen
\newdimen\fixdimen

\def\escapeloop{\gdef\iterate{}}

\let\saveiterate\iterate

\def\balance@columns{%
\loopcount=0
\fixdimen=0pt
   \splittopskip\topskip
   \splitmaxdepth\maxdepth
   \setbox\z@\vbox{\unvbox\@cclv}\dimen@\ht\z@
   \advance\dimen@\col@number\topskip
   \advance\dimen@-\col@number\baselineskip
   \divide\dimen@\col@number
   \advance\dimen@\c@unbalance\baselineskip
   {\vbadness\@M \loop
   {\process@cols\@ne{\global\setbox\count@
                              \box\voidb@x}}%
     \global\setbox\@ne\copy\z@
     {\process@cols\thr@@{\savedimen\ht\@ne \advance\savedimen by-\dimen@
\global\setbox\count@ \vsplit\@ne to\dimen@ 
\ifdim\savedimen>\ht\@ne % AH: TeX was forced to make box bigger than \dimen@.
\advance\savedimen by-\ht\@ne \advance\savedimen by -7.1pt 
\ifdim\savedimen>\fixdimen \global\fixdimen\savedimen\fi\fi}}%
    \ifdim\ht\@ne >\ht\thr@@
    \global\advance\dimen@\p@%.5\baselineskip
\global\advance\loopcount by1
\ifnum\loopcount=90 \escapeloop\fi
   \repeat}%
\let\iterate\saveiterate
\dimen@\ht\thr@@  
\ifdim\fixdimen>0pt \advance\dimen@ by \fixdimen\fi
   \process@cols\z@{\@tempcnta\count@ 
        \advance\@tempcnta\@ne
        \setbox\count@\vtop to\dimen@
           {\unvbox\@tempcnta
           \ifshr@nking\vfill\fi}
}%
   \global\vsize\@colroom 
   \global\advance\vsize\ht\partial@page
   \page@sofar
}

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
% Draft

\def\draft{\def\@oddfoot{\vtop to 0pt{\vskip24pt\large\tt
D R A F T\hfill Page \thepage\hfill 
\today, \realtime\hfill D R A F T\global\titlefalse\vss}}
\def\@evenfoot{\@oddfoot}}

\def\fix{\ifcase\oldtime 0\or0\or0\or%
0\or0\or0\or0\or0\or0\or0\fi}
\def\fixtiming{\ifcase\timing 0\or0\or0\or% 
0\or0\or0\or0\or0\or0\or0\fi}
\newcount\timing 
\newcount\hourcount
\newcount\oldtime 

\def\realtime{\timing=\time \oldtime=\time
\ifnum\timing>60 \divide\timing by 60
\hourcount=\the\timing
\multiply\timing by 60
\advance\oldtime by-\timing
\ifnum\hourcount<12 \number\hourcount:\fix\number\oldtime am\fi%
\ifnum\hourcount=12 \number\hourcount:\fix\number\oldtime pm\fi%
\ifnum\hourcount>12 \advance\hourcount by-12
\number\hourcount:\fix\number\oldtime pm\fi
\else12:\fixtiming\number\timing am\fi}

\newcommand{\today}{\ifcase\month\or
  January\or February\or March\or April\or May\or June\or
  July\or August\or September\or October\or November\or December\fi
  \space\number\day, \number\year}


%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
%% Cropmarks
\newif\ifcropmarkson
\def\printcropmarks{\global\cropmarksontrue}

\newdimen\widthofcropmarks
\widthofcropmarks=36pc%35pc
\newdimen\raisetopcropmarks
\raisetopcropmarks=-1pc
\newdimen\raisebottomcropmarks
\raisebottomcropmarks-6pc
\newdimen\movecropmarksright
\movecropmarksright2pc


\def\topcropmarks{\ifcropmarkson
\vtop to0pt{\vss
\hbox to0pt{\hskip\movecropmarksright\hbox to0pt{\hss%
\hbox to1pc{\hrulefill\hskip3pt}\raise6pt\hbox{\vrule height 1pc}}%
\hskip\widthofcropmarks%
\hbox to0pt{%
\raise6pt\hbox{\vrule height 1pc}\hbox to1pc{\hskip3pt\hrulefill}\hss}\hss}%
\vskip\raisetopcropmarks}
\fi}

\def\bottomcropmarks{\ifcropmarkson
\vtop to0pt{\vskip-\raisebottomcropmarks
\hbox to0pt{\hskip\movecropmarksright\hbox to0pt{\hss%
\hbox to1pc{\hrulefill\hskip3pt}\lower6pt\hbox{\vrule depth 1pc height 0pt}}%
\hskip\widthofcropmarks%
\hbox to0pt{%
\lower6pt\hbox{\vrule depth 1pc height0pt}\hbox to1pc{\hskip3pt\hrulefill}\hss}\hss}%
\vss}\fi}


\ifll
%% From default LaTeX2e except for parts marked ` <=== new '
\gdef\@outputpage{\begingroup 
\let\protect\noexpand\@resetactivechars\let \-\@dischyph
\let\'\@acci \let\`\@accii \let\=\@acciii \let\\\@normalcr \let\par\@@par 
\shipout\vbox{\topcropmarks%  <=== new 
\set@typeset@protect 
\aftergroup \endgroup \aftergroup \set@typeset@protect 
\if@specialpage \global \@specialpagefalse \@nameuse {ps@\@specialstyle }\fi 
\if@twoside \ifodd \count \z@ \let \@thehead \@oddhead \let \@thefoot 
\@oddfoot \let \@themargin \oddsidemargin \else \let \@thehead \@evenhead 
\let \@thefoot \@evenfoot \let \@themargin \evensidemargin \fi \fi 
\reset@font \normalsize \baselineskip \z@skip \lineskip \z@skip 
\lineskiplimit \z@ \@begindvi \vskip \topmargin \moveright \@themargin 
\vbox {\setbox \@tempboxa \vbox to\headheight 
{\vfil \color@hbox \normalcolor \hb@xt@ \textwidth {\let \label \@gobble 
\let \index \@gobble \let \glossary \@gobble \@thehead }
\color@endbox }\dp \@tempboxa \z@ \box\@tempboxa \vskip\headsep
\box\@outputbox \baselineskip \footskip \color@hbox \normalcolor 
\hb@xt@ \textwidth {\let \label \@gobble \let \index \@gobble 
\let \glossary \@gobble \@thefoot }\color@endbox }\bottomcropmarks%  <=== new 
}%
\global\@colht\textheight \stepcounter {page}\let \firstmark \botmark}
\else
%% From default LaTeX 2.09 except for parts marked ` <=== new '
\gdef\@outputpage{\begingroup\catcode`\ =10
     \let\-\@dischyph \let\'\@acci \let\`\@accii \let\=\@acciii
    \if@specialpage
     \global\@specialpagefalse\@nameuse{ps@\@specialstyle}\fi
     \if@twoside
       \ifodd\count\z@ \let\@thehead\@oddhead \let\@thefoot\@oddfoot
            \let\@themargin\oddsidemargin
          \else \let\@thehead\@evenhead
          \let\@thefoot\@evenfoot \let\@themargin\evensidemargin
     \fi\fi
     \shipout
     \vbox{\topcropmarks%  <=== new 
\reset@font %% RmS 91/08/15
           \normalsize \baselineskip\z@ \lineskip\z@
           \let\par\@@par %% 15 Sep 87
           \vskip \topmargin \moveright\@themargin
           \vbox{\setbox\@tempboxa
                   \vbox to\headheight{\vfil \hbox to\textwidth
                                       {\let\label\@gobble \let\index\@gobble
                                        \let\glossary\@gobble %% 21 Jun 91
                                         \@thehead}}% %% 22 Feb 87
                 \dp\@tempboxa\z@
                 \box\@tempboxa
                 \vskip \headsep
                 \box\@outputbox
                 \baselineskip\footskip
                 \hbox to\textwidth{\let\label\@gobble
                           \let\index\@gobble  %% 22 Feb 87
                           \let\glossary\@gobble %% 21 Jun 91
                           \@thefoot}}\bottomcropmarks%  <=== new 
}%
\global\@colht\textheight
           \endgroup\stepcounter{page}\let\firstmark\botmark}
\fi


%% These are for compatibility with 2e.
\def\_{\leavevmode \kern .06em \vbox {\hrule width.3em}}

\def\@ldots{\mathinner {\mathchar"613A \mathchar"613A \mathchar"613A }}             
\def\ldots{\relax \ifmmode \@ldots \else \mbox {$\m@th \@ldots \,$}\fi} 


%%%% \bio macro will make hanging indentation for photo
%%%% Use:
%%%% \picturewidth=<dimen>
%%%% \picturedepth=<dimen>
%%%% \bio{<name>}{<biography...>}

\newdimen\picturewidth
\newdimen\picturedepth
\newcount\linenumber
\newcount\parlinenumber

\def\pickuppar#1\par#2\par#3\par#4\par%
{\gdef\lookatpar{#1}\gdef\lookatpartwo{#2}
\gdef\lookatparthree{#3}\gdef\lookatparfour{#4}}

\long\def\bio#1#2{\bigskip{\small \parskip=0pt \parindent=6pt
\linenumber=\picturedepth % change from dimension to counter because
                          % we want to end up with a number not a dimension.
\divide\linenumber by 65536 % go from scaled points to normal points
\divide\linenumber by 8 % baselineskip in footnotesize
%
% To use \pickuppar to pick up the first paragraph:
\setbox0=\vbox{\advance\hsize by-\picturewidth \pickuppar
\noindent{\bf #1\ }#2\par\vskip1sp\par\vskip1sp\par\vskip1sp\par}
%
% To see height of first paragraph:
\setbox0=\vbox{\advance\hsize by-\picturewidth \noindent\lookatpar\vskip1sp}
\setbox1=\vbox{\advance\hsize by-\picturewidth \noindent\lookatpartwo
\vskip1sp}
\setbox2=\vbox{\advance\hsize by-\picturewidth \noindent\lookatparthree
\vskip1sp}
\setbox3=\vbox{\advance\hsize by-\picturewidth \noindent\lookatparfour
\vskip1sp}
% If there are enough lines available to fit picture in first paragraph:
\ifdim\ht0>\picturedepth
\hangindent=\picturewidth
\hangafter=-\linenumber
\noindent{\bf #1\ }#2
\else
% Now we will use two paragraphs to do the wrapping:
\parlinenumber=\ht0 % To see how many lines will be indented in first par
\divide\parlinenumber by 65536 % go from scaled points to normal points
\divide\parlinenumber by 8 % baselineskip in footnotesize
\global\advance\linenumber by-\parlinenumber 
\everypar={\global\everypar={
\hangindent=\picturewidth \hangafter=-\linenumber
\global\everypar={\doboxone 
\ifnum\linenumber>0
\hangindent=\picturewidth \hangafter=-\linenumber\fi
\global\everypar={\ifnum\linenumber>0
\doboxtwo 
\ifnum\linenumber>0
\hangindent=\picturewidth \hangafter=-\linenumber\fi
\else
\hangindent=0pt \hangafter=0
\fi
\everypar={\global\everypar={\ifnum\linenumber>0
\doboxthree
\ifnum\linenumber>0
 \hangindent=\picturewidth \hangafter=-\linenumber\fi
\else
\hangindent=0pt \hangafter=0
\fi}}}}}}
\hangindent=\picturewidth
\hangafter=-\parlinenumber
\noindent{\bf #1\ }#2\fi
\vskip1sp}\global\everypar={}}

\def\doboxone{\parlinenumber=\ht1 
\divide\parlinenumber by 65536 % go from scaled points to normal points
\divide\parlinenumber by 8 % baselineskip in footnotesize
\global\advance\linenumber by-\parlinenumber\relax}

\def\doboxtwo{\parlinenumber=\ht2 
\divide\parlinenumber by 65536 % go from scaled points to normal points
\divide\parlinenumber by 8 % baselineskip in footnotesize
\global\advance\linenumber by-\parlinenumber\relax}

\def\doboxthree{\parlinenumber=\ht3 
\divide\parlinenumber by 65536 % go from scaled points to normal points
\divide\parlinenumber by 8 % baselineskip in footnotesize
\global\advance\linenumber by-\parlinenumber\relax}


%% How many levels of section head would you like numbered?
%% 0= no section numbers, 1= section, 2= subsection, 3= subsubsection
%%==>>
\setcounter{secnumdepth}{2}


%% How many levels of section head would you like to appear in the
%% Table of Contents?
%% 0= chapter titles, 1= section titles, 2= subsection titles, 
%% 3= subsubsection titles.
%%==>>
\setcounter{tocdepth}{3}

%% Make adjustments for old versions of LaTeX2.09 ==>>
\expandafter\ifx\csname reset@font\endcsname\relax
\global\let\reset@font\relax
%%
\gdef\quote{\small\list {}{\rightmargin \leftmargin }\item []}
\gdef\endquote{\global \advance \@listdepth \m@ne \endtrivlist}
%%
\gdef\endfigure{%
\par \vskip\z@\egroup \ifnum \@floatpenalty <\z@ \@cons \@currlist \@currbox 
\ifdim \ht \@currbox >\textheight \ht \@currbox \textheight \fi 
\ifnum \@floatpenalty < -\@Mii \penalty -\@Miv \@tempdima \prevdepth 
\vbox {} \prevdepth \@tempdima \penalty \@floatpenalty 
\else \vadjust {\penalty -\@Miv \vbox {}\penalty \@floatpenalty}%
\@esphack\fi\fi}
%%
\gdef\endtable{%
\par \vskip \z@ \egroup \ifnum \@floatpenalty <\z@ \@cons \@currlist 
\@currbox \ifdim \ht \@currbox >\textheight \ht\@currbox\textheight\fi 
\ifnum \@floatpenalty < -\@Mii \penalty -\@Miv \@tempdima \prevdepth 
\vbox {} \prevdepth \@tempdima \penalty \@floatpenalty \else 
\vadjust {\penalty -\@Miv \vbox {}\penalty \@floatpenalty }\@esphack\fi\fi}
%%
\def\enddescription{%
\global \advance \@listdepth \m@ne \endtrivlist}%
\fi

%%%%%%%%%%%%%%%
\newtheorem{theorem}{Theorem}[chapter]
\def\thetheorem{\the\c@theorem}

\let\nochaptheoremnumbers\relax

\newtheorem{definition}[theorem]{Definition}

\def\@begintheorem#1#2{\trivlist
   \item[\hskip \labelsep{\bfseries{\theoremfont #1\  #2}}]\itshape}

\def\@opargbegintheorem#1#2#3{\trivlist
      \item[\hskip \labelsep{\bfseries{\theoremfont #1\ #2\ (#3)}}]\itshape}

\newtheorem{example}[theorem]{Example}
\newtheorem{lemma}[theorem]{Lemma}
\newtheorem{exercise}[theorem]{Exercise}
\newtheorem{corollary}[theorem]{Corollary}

%%%% side by side figures and tables
%%%% to use: 
% \begin{figure or table} \sidebyside{}{} \end{figure or table}
%
% \begin{table} 
% \sidebyside{\caption{table caption} first table}
% {\caption{table caption} second table}
% \end{table}

% or

% \begin{figure} 
% \sidebyside{\vskip<dimen>\caption{fig caption}}
% {\vskip<dimen>\caption{fig caption}}
% \end{figure}

\long\def\sidebyside#1#2{%
\hbox to\textwidth{\vtop{\hsize=.45\textwidth%
\parindent=0pt
\centering
 
#1\vskip1sp}\hfill\vtop{\hsize=.45\textwidth%
\parindent=0pt
\centering
#2

}}}

\def\useuppercase{\global\upperandlowerfalse}
\global\upperandlowertrue
\def\upperandlowercase{\global\upperandlowertrue}

\endinput

Change Log
------------
June 28, 2002
Made change to numbered citations so that they
number 1--10 if they are sequential, and if the
first number is the first number of the sequence.

May 2, 2002
Changes to make author index running head work on
last page; and to make \, work correctly even if
amsmath is used.

September 21, 2001
Made change to have period appear after section number in TOC

August 10, 2001
Added \altaffilmark and \altaffiltext commands to handle
multiple authors with differing affilitions.

Changes to caption and equation commands so that if
lettered caption or mathletter uses an `a' the
caption or equation counter will be advanced. This
fix was necessary in case there were two sets of
lettered equations or lettered captions following
one after the other.

August 6, 2001
Added a4paper option, that will add 48pt to textheight
but not change anything else in the style.

August 4, 2001
Changed definition of chapthebibliography so that
it will send `references' to TOC every time it is
used.

May 23, 2001
Made \chaptersection command which will make the sections
have chapter.section numbering.

Default is
1. section
1.1 subsection
1.1.1 subsubsection

April 10, 2001
Made all file names lowercase

March 3, 2001
Commented out \gdef\rrunninghead{REFERENCES} and
all other uses of rrunninghead, when they appear
within an article, since it appears
that there should be only book title on the left
and article title on the right inside articles.

February 19, 2001
Made section command lines shorter so that they
can go through email without producing blank
lines.

January 15, 2001
Added \useuppercase command to make section and
subsection heads uppercase by default.

January 5, 2001
Made less space before last editor on title page.

October 19, 2000
Made it possible to have upper and lowercase letters
in section heads.

October 18, 2000
Fixed bug in makecaption that was keeping enough space
from appearing between table number and caption.
(\global\continuedcaptionfalse)

August 8, 2000
Changed \def\inxx{} to maintain space following it.

July 26, 2000
Changed \def\inx{} to keep extra space from appearing after it.

May 4, 2000
Changed table captions so that they always left align.
Changed continued captions so that they work with the
new makecaption command.

March 28, 2000
Changed format for running heads

March 27, 2000
Changed TOC to not use chapter numbers, since they
are not used in articles.

Changed l@chapter to handle multiple lines in chapter
title correctly.

Nov 12:
added \sidebyside